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Kerala PSC Study Material Important Lists
Kerala PSC - List of Recently Appointed Brand Ambassadors Name of the Brands & Campaigns Person Seagram‟s Royal Stag Jasprit Bumrah Estrolo Jasprit Bumrah Chelsea FC Arjun Kapoor Himachal Government's Global Yami Gautam Investors‟ Meet 2019 Shilpa Shetty Kundra Bodycare International Brune & Bareskin Harbhajan Singh Trusox India Rohit Sharma Godrej Consumer Products Anushka Sharma Payment Technology Company Visa P V Sindhu FIFA World Cup 2018 Victoria Lopreva New India Conclave 2018 Akshay Kumar Vivo "S" Series Sara Ali Khan CARS24 Mahendra Singh Dhoni Arganish Indian Hockey Player Dharamvir Singh V-Nourish Shah Rukh Khan Malabar Gold & Diamonds Anil Kapoor „Emami 7 Oils in One‟. Katrina Kaif JBL Ranveer Singh Gatorade by PepsiCo Hima Das Indian Army MS Dhoni Magicbricks Ayushmann Khurana nd Kriti Sanon Madhya Pradesh Govinda GOQii Akshay Kumar TAFE (Tractors and Farm Equipment) Akshay Kumar Ltd Pro Kabbadi Team Patna Pirates Neetu Chandra Himalaya Drug Company Virat Kohli and Rishab Pant Hero MotoCorp Colombian Footballer Yerry Mina Emami Navratna Cool Varun Dhawan Vector X Dalima Chhibbar Pro Kabaddi League Outfit UP Yoddha Gautam Gambhir Reebok Katrina Kaif and Varun Dhawan Monte Carlo Andrew Russell Goa's Ambassador for promoting Yoga Namrata Menon GS Caltex India Shikhar Dhawan Fanmojo Prithvi Shaw Menswear Brand Indian Terrain Mahendra Singh Dhoni Myntra Virat Kohli, Anushka Sharma BharatPe Salman Khan PhonePe Aamir Khan Fantasy 11 Murali Kartik redBus Mahendra Singh Dhoni Indo-American Arts Council (IAAC) Vikas Khanna Fast&Up Mayank Aggarwal PolicyX.com Virender Sehwag Fantasy Sports Platform Fantain Suresh Raina Lloyd Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone PokerStars India Nawazuddin Siddiqui Clinique India Radhika Apte MG Motor India Benedict Cumberbatch French Open Justine Henin Vingajoy Ayushmann Khurrana Urban Clap Ayushmann Khurrana Google Duo Virat Kohli Xiaomi India Ranveer Singh KajariaPly Ranveer Singh CricPlay‟s inaugural „Ab India Khelega‟ Gautam Gambhir campaign L V Prasad Eye Institute‟s Whitathon VVS Laxman Colgate Mahendra Singh Dhoni Election Commission (EC) Pranitha Subhash Women‟s football tourney Jaya Ahsan Fantasy Sports startup Hala-Play Hardik and Krunal Pandya Bareilly Gita Sharma Mobile Premier League Virat Kohli Kent for security product range Shah Rukh Khan Rajasthan Royals Indian Premier League Shane Warne (IPL) season 2019 Denver Mahesh Babu PUMA Mary Kom Ascent Meditech Hrithik Roshan E-Commerce Platform Mwoop Sakshi Maggo PepsiCo‟s Kurkure Taapsee Pannu Sprite Anmol K.C Kerastase Lisa Haydon Lalvan PNB MetLife PV Sindhu Ambassador of India to the Republic of Dinesh Bhatia Argentina Swasth Immunised India Kareena Kapoor Khan Indian Ambassadors to Bhutan Ruchira Kamboj Bharat Scouts And Guides Shreya Chopra Nissan Global Ambassador Rohit Sharma Clean India Mission PV Sindhu and Sakshi Malik Sumadhura Group MS Dhoni boAt – a lifestyle brand Jacqueline Fernandez India's Ambassador to UN Pankaj Sharma Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP) Raveena Tondon Ambassador for “For Girls and Priyanka Das Science” initiative in France Ambassador of India to ASEAN Rudrendra Tandon Skill India Campaign Varun Dhawan and Anushka Sharma Goodwill ambassador for Nepal tourism Jaya Prada Health-related programmes of Haryana Gauri Sheoran BSNL Mary Kom India's Ambassador to US Harsh Vardhan Shringla Vistara Deepika Padukone Gulf Oil Hardik Pandya Dabur Honey Jacqueline Fernandez Cox & Kings Anushka Sharma Ponds Disha Ptani Fair & Lovely Yami Gautam Lux (Soap) Katrina Kaif Britania Sachin Tendulkar Close Up Mahesh Babu Clinic Plus Shweta Tiwari SamSung Aamir Khan Brand Ambassador of TATA Group for Hrithik Roshan its all-new stylish sedan, the Tata Tigor. Colgate Anushka Sharma Kajol Lifebuoy Horlicks Taapsee Pannu Dettol India Amitabh Bachchan Mastercard Mahendra Singh Dhoni Syska LED Amitabh Bachchan Manipal Hospitals Rahul Dravid Dish TV Ranveer Singh Nokia Alia Bhatt HoloSuit Yuvraj Singh Maruti Varun Dhawan Bharat Matrimony M.S Dhoni Uber eats Alai Bhatt Navneet Education Limited Prithvi Shaw Apollo Tyres Sachin Tendulkar State Bank of India appoints for YONO Swapna Barman Datsun India Aamir Khan Rupa and Company Anushka Sharma Jonty Rhodes Isuzu D-Max V-Cross Siyaram Ranveer Singh Flipkart Ranbir Kapoor and Shraddha Kapoor Assam ( state‟s brand ambassador) Hima Das SHARP TV Rohit Sharma Sumadhura Group MS Dhoni Remit2India, (an online money transfer Virat Kohli portal) Philips India (for its male grooming Virat Kohli products) Indigo Paints MS Dhoni BoAt Jacqueline Fernandez Dabur(for its skin care brand Fem) Kriti Sanon Dollar Missy Chitrangada Singh NetMeds (Online Pharmacy) MS Dhoni L'Oréal Paris Amber Heard Kraft Heinz India(for the Complan Sourav Ganguly brand) „Educate Girls‟(non-profit organisation) Katrina Kaif Whirlpool Kriti Sanon and Sushant Singh Rajput BATA Kriti Sanon Tata Sons( for global corporate affairs) S Jaishankar Tourism Fiji(for the India market) Ileana D‟Cruz Lubricants India (a Hinduja Group Hardik Pandya company) Vivo Aamir Khan Uber Virat Kohli Gaming platform Dream11 Mahendra Singh Dhoni Chocolate Snickers MS Dhoni Bata‟s new sport wears Smriti Mandhana. All India Chess Federation for the Blind Grand Master Vidit Gujrathi. (AICFB) Pakistan Cricket Board Shoaib Akhtar T20 Mumbai League's Sachin Tendulkar Sikkim AR Rahman The Muthoot Group Amitabh Bachchan Harman International Priyanka Chopra Frooti Allu Arjun Poker Sports League Viswanathan Anand RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group(for its Virat Kohli packaged snacking brand, Too Yumm) Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation Cricketer Suresh Raina (GMC) Swachh Bharat Mission in Ghaziabad Cricketer Suresh Raina City (Uttar Pradesh) Delhi Dynamos FC Jacqueline Fer-nandez Hyundai(Continues for 2 more years) Shahrukh Khan ITM Group of Institutions Kidambi Srikanth Environmental Issues Dia Mirza Innerwear brand Lux Amitabh Bachchan Futsal football franchise Kerala Cobras Sunny Leone Indoor Cricket Team Sandeep Patil WHO Goodwill Ambassador(for Autism Saima Wazed Hossain in South Asia) Road safety awareness campaign. Akshay Kumar China hails Amir Khan Oneplus Amitabh Bachhan Leonardo Olive Oil Chef Sanjeev Kapoor Luminous Power‟s new brand AMAZE Virat Kohli Kerala PSC - List of Chief of the Army/Navy/Airforce Army - Chief of the Army Staff S.No. Name Tenure 1. General Sir Robert Lockhart 15 Aug 1947 – 31 Dec 1947 2. General Sir Roy Bucher 01 Jan 1948 – 15 Jan 1949 3. Field Marshal KM Cariappa 16 Jan 1949 – 14 Jan 1953 4. General KS Rajendra Sinhji 15 Jan 1953 - 14 May 1955 5. General S.M.Srinagesh 15 May 1955 - 7 May 1957 6. General K.S. Thimayya 8 May 1957 - 7 May 1961 7. General P.N. Thapar 8 May 1961 - 19 Nov 1962 8. General J.N. Choudhuri 20 Nov 1962 - 7 Jun 1966 9. General P.P. Kumaramangalam 8 Jun 1966 - 7 Jun 1969 10. Field Marshal S.H.F.J. Manekshaw 8 Jun 1969 - 15 Jan 1973 11. General G.G.Bewoor 16 Jan 1973 - 31 May 1975 12. General T.N. Raina 1 Jun 1975 - 31 May 1978 13. General O.P. Malhotra 1 Jun 1978 - 31 May 1981 14. General K.V.Krishna Rao 1 Jun 1981 - 31 Jul 1983 15. General A.S.Vaidya 1 Aug 1983 - 31 Jan 1986 16. General K.Sunderji 1 Feb 1986 - 31 May 1988 17. General V.N.Sharma 1 May 1988 - 30 Jun 1990 18. General S.F.Rodrigues 1 Jul 1990 - 30 Jun 1993 19. General B.C.Joshi 1 Jul 1993 - 19 Nov 1994 20. General S.Roychowdhury 22 Nov 1994 - 30 Sep 1997 21. General V.P.Malik 1 Oct 1997 - 30 Sep 2000 22. General S. Padmanabhan 1 Oct 2000 - 31 Dec 2002 23. General N.C.Vij 31 Dec 2002 - 31 Jan 2005 24. General J J Singh 01 Feb 2005 - 30 Sep 2007 25. General Deepak Kapoor 30 Sep 2007 - 30 Mar 2010 26. General V.K. Singh 31 Mar 2010 - 31 May 2012 27. General Bikram Singh 01 Jun 2012 - 31 Jul 2014 28. General DS Suhag 01 Aug 2014 - 31 Dec 2016 29. General Bipin Rawat 31 Dec 2016 - 31 Dec 2019 30. General Manoj Mukund Naravane 1 Jan 2020 - Till date Navy - Chiefs of the Naval Staff S.No. Name Tenure 1. Vice Admiral WE Parry 26 Jan 1950 - 12 Oct 1951 2. Vice Admiral Charles TM Pizey 13 Oct 1951 - 21 Jul 1955 3. Vice Admiral SH Carlill 22 Jul 1955 - 21 Apr 1958 4. Vice Admiral Ram Dass Katari 22 Apr 1958 - 04 Jun 1962 5. Vice Admiral BS Soman 05 Jun 1962 - 03 Mar 1966 6. Admiral AK Chatterji 04 Mar 1966 - 28 Feb 1970 7. Admiral SM Nanda 28 Feb 1970 - 28 Feb 1973 8. Admiral SN Kohli 01 Mar 1973 - 29 Feb 1976 9. Admiral Jal Cursetji 01 Mar 1976 - 01 Mar 1979 10. Admiral RL Pereira 01 Mar 1979 - 28 Feb 1982 11. Admiral OS Dawson 01 Mar 1982 - 30 Nov 1984 12. Admiral RH Tahiliani 01 Dec 1984 - 30 Nov 1987 13. Admiral JG Nadkarni 01 Dec 1987 - 30 Nov 1990 14. Admiral L Ramdas 01 Dec 1990 - 30 Sep 1993 15. Admiral VS Shekhawat 01 Oct 1993 - 30 Sep 1996 16. Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat 01 Oct 1996 - 30 Dece 1998 17. Admiral Sushil Kumar 30 Dec 1998 - 29 Dec 2001 18. Admiral Madhvendra Singh 29 Dec 2001 - 31 Jul 2004 19. Admiral Arun Prakash 31 Jul 2004 - 31 Oct 2006 20. Admiral Sureesh Mehta 31 Oct 2006 - 31 Aug 2009 21. Admiral NK Verma 31 Aug 2009 - 31 Aug 2012 22. Admiral DK Joshi 31 Aug 2012 - 26 Feb 2014 23. Admiral RK Dhowan 26 Feb 2014 - 31 May 2016 24. Admiral Sunil Lanba 31 May 2016 - 31 May 2019 25. Admiral Karambir Singh 31 May 2019 - Till to date Air Force - Chief of the Air Staff S.No. Name Tenure 1. Air Marshal Thomas Elmhirst 26 Jan 1950 - 23 Feb 1950 2. Air Chief Marshal RI Chapman 23 Feb 1950 - 09 Dec 1951 3. Air Marshal Gerald Gibbs 10 Dec 1951 - 31 Mar 1954 4. Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee 1 Apr 1954 - 8 Nov 1960 5. Air Marshal Aspy Engineer 01 Dec 1960 - 31 Jul 1964 6. Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh 01 Aug 1964 - 15 Jul 1969 7. Air Chief Marshal Pratap Chandra Lal 16 Jul 1969 - 15 Jan 1973 8. Air Chief Marshal H Moolgavkar 01 Feb 1976 - 30 Aug 1978 9. Air Chief Marshal IH Latif 01 Sep 1978 - 30 Aug 1981 10. Air Chief Marshal Dilbagh Singh 01 Sep 1981 - 03 Sep 1984 11. Air Chief Marshal L M Katre 03 Sep 1984 - 01 Jul 1985 12. Air Chief Marshal Denis La Fontaine 03 Jul 1985 - 31 Jul 1988 13. Air Chief Marshal Surinder Mehra 01 Aug 1988 - 31 Jul 1991 14. Air Chief Marshal NC Suri 31 Jul 1991 - 31 Jul 1993 15. Air Chief Marshal SK Kaul 01 Aug 1993 - 31 Dec 1995 16. Air Chief Marshal Satish Sareen 31 Dec 1995 - 31 Dec 1998 17. Air Chief Marshal AY Tipnis 31 Dec 1998 - 31 Dec 2001 18. Air Chief Marshal S Krishnaswamy 31 Dec 2001 - 31 Dec 2004 19. Air Chief Marshal SP Tyagi 31 Dec 2004 - 31 Mar 2007 20. Air Chief Marshal Fali Homi Major 31 Mar 2007 - 31 May 2009 21. Air Chief Marshal PV Naik 31 May 2009 - 31 Jul 2011 22. Air Chief Marshal Norman AK Browne 31 Jul 2011 - 31 Dec 2013 23. Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha 31 Dec 2013 - 31 Dec 2016 24. Air Chief Marshal BS Dhanoa 31 Dec 2016 - 30 Sep 2019 25. Air Chief Marshal RKS Bhadauria 30 Sep 2019 - Till Date Complete List of First in India 34. Bharat Ratna: Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C. Awards and Titles Rajagopalachari, and C. V. Raman in 1954 35. Padma Vibhushan: Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal 1. First Indian Mr. Universe: Monotosh Roy in 1952 Bose, Zakir Hussain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, 2. First Indian Miss World: Reita Faria in 1966; also the Jigme Dorji Wangchuk, V. K. Krishna Menon in 1954 first Asian to win the title 36. Param Vir Chakra: Major Somnath Sharma 3. First Indian Miss Asia Pacific: Zeenat Aman in 1970 37. Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters: Mrinal 4. First Indian International Teen Princess: Radha Sen Bartake in 1974 38. Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters: Sivaji 5. First Indian to win Miss Teenages Intercontinental: Ganesan Elizabeth Anita Reddi in 1978 39. Dadasaheb Phalke Award: Devika Rani in 1969 6. First Indian Miss World Amber: Mala Rai Singani in 40. Ashoka Chakra Award to a civilian: D.K. Jatar 1978 (posthumous) and M.C Dixit, captain and co-captain 7. First Indian to win World Miss University: respectively, of the sabotaged plane Kashmir Priyadarshini Pradhan in 1989 Princess, for "most conspicuous bravery, daring and 8. First Indian Miss Universe: Sushmita Sen in 1994 self-sacrifice" 9. Miss India Worldwide: Karminder Kaur Virk in 1994 41. Magsaysay Award: Vinoba Bhave, 1958 10. Miss Intercontinental: Lara Dutta in 1997 42. Stalin Peace Prize (now known as Lenin Peace Prize) 11. Mr. International: Aryan Vaid in 2000 in 1952: Saifuddin Kitchlew 12. Manhunt International: Rajeev Singh in 2001 43. Oscar for Lifetime Achievement: Satyajit Ray 13. Miss Tourism International: Candice Pinto in 2001 44. Nishan-e-Pakistan: Morarji Desai, 1990 14. Mrs. World: Aditi Gowitrikar in 2001 15. Miss Tourism Queen International: Zabina Abdul Rashid Khan in 2004 Nobel Prize 16. Miss World Tourism: Sonal Chauhan in 2005. 1. 1913: Literature: Rabindranath Tagore; also the first 17. Best Model of the World: Siddharth Shukla in 2005 Asian to win the prize 18. Miss Tourism: Priyanka Shah in 2007 2. 1930: Physics: Sir C. V. Raman; first Asian and first 19. Miss Earth: Nicole Faria in 2010 non-white person to win Science nobel prize. 20. Miss Asia Pacific World: Himangini Singh Yadu in 3. 1979: Peace: Mother Teresa; Indian citizen of 2012 Albanian origin 21. Mister United Nations: Rahul Vyas in 2013 4. 1998: Economics: Amartya Sen: First Indian for 22. Miss Supranational: Asha Bhat in 2014 Economics 23. Miss Universal Peace and Humanity: Ruhi Singh in 5. 2014: Peace: Kailash Sathyarthi; first Indian-born 2014 recipient in Peace category 24. Miss Tourism International (China version): Parul Bindal in 2014 Oscar 25. First Indian to win Ms United Nations: Amiiee (Amisha) Chaudhary Verma in 2017 1. 1982: Bhanu Athaiya for Costume Design 26. Mrs United Nations Classic: Neepa Singh in 2017 2. 1992: Satyajit Ray, Honorary Oscar 27. Mrs United Nations: Roshni Hassan in 2017 3. 2009: A. R. Rahman for Best Original Song, Best 28. First Indian to win any literary award (the Newbery Original Score Medal) in the United States, in 1927 for Gay Neck, the 4. 2009: Resul Pookutty for Sound Mixing Story of a Pigeon: Dhan Gopal Mukerji 5. 2009: Gulzar for Best Original Song 29. Mister World: Rohit Khandelwal; first Asian to win Mister World Architecture 30. First ever Miss World to win Beauty with a Purpose award: Manushi Chhillar. 1. First dam in India: Kallanai Dam, one of the world's 31. Nirad C. Chaudhuri: first Indian to win a major non- oldest, still in use; build across the Kaveri river in fiction award, the Duff Cooper Prize in the United Thiruchirapalli District in the state of Tamil Nadu in Kingdom, in 1966 for The Continent of Circe South India. originally constructed by the Chola king 32. Man Booker Prize: Arundhati Roy for her novel The Karikala Cholan around the 2nd century BC God of Small Things in 1997 2. First Stepwell still existing: Mata Bhavani's Stepwell, 33. Bhaswati Bhattacharya was the first Indian to speak built in the 11th century in Gujarat as orator at Harvard University, in the commence- 3. First temple constructed from a single rock, still ment exercises in 1993. standing: Kailasa temple, Ellora, built in 744 CE by Rashtrakuta king Krishna I 4. First temple in Kalinga architecture still standing: 2. Person to fly in a balloon and land in a parachute: Konark Sun Temple,Puri, Odisha, built in 1255 AD Shibnath Majumdar 5. First temple with many interconnected structures still 3. Person to reach the South Pole: Colonel Jatinder standing: Brihadeeswarar Temple, Tanjore, Tamil Kumar Bajaj Nadu, built in 1002 AD 4. Person (Man) to scale Mount Everest: H.P.S. 6. First true dome: Alai Darwaza, Qutb complex, Delhi, Ahluwalia built in 1311 CE, by first Khalji Sultan of Delhi, Ala-ud- 5. Woman to scale Mount Everest: Bachendri Pal on 23 din Khalji May 1984; the 5th woman in the world to scale the 7. First true arch: Balban's tomb, Mehrauli peak Archeological Park, Delhi, built c. 1287 CE, by Ghiyas 6. Woman to reach South Pole: Reena Kaushal ud din Balban of Mamluk dynasty Dharmshaktu 8. First garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent, also 7. Person to reach the North Pole: Jagannathan the first with Persian double-dome: Humayun's Tomb, Srinivasaraghavan on 23 April 1985. Delhi, built 1562–1571 CE 8. Person to have walked across Gobi desert: Sucheta 9. First church in India: St. Thomas Church, Palayoor Kadethankar Built in 52 AD under leadership of St. Thomas the 9. Youngest person in the world to climb Everest: Apostle its a Mix of Persian and Kerala architecture Malavath Purna on 25 May 2014 at the age of 13 10. First mosque in India: Cheraman Juma Mosque in Methala, Kodungallur Taluk, Thrissur District of Film, TV and entertainment Kerala, Built in 629 AD. 1. 1896: First film to be exhibited in India: on 7 July, with the Lumiere Brothers' Cinematography, unveiling six Defence (in the Republic of India) silent short films at the Watson's Hotel in Bombay: Entry of Cinematographe, The Sea Bath, Arrival of a 1. First Prime Minister of Indian Republic: Pandit Train, A Demolition, Ladies & Soldiers on Wheels and Jawaharlal Nehru Leaving the Factory 2. First Vice President of Indian Republic: Dr. Sarvepalli 2. 1902: Music record was recorded by Gauhar Jaan Radhakrishnan singing a khayal in Raag Jogiya, recorded on 2 3. Defence Minister of India: Baldev Singh November, by Fred Gaisberg, assistant to Emile 4. Commander-in-Chief of Free India: Kodandera Berliner, the father of the gramophone record. Madappa Cariappa 3. 1913: Silent film to be made in India: Raja 5. Indian Commander-in-Chief of Free India: General Harishchandra, by Dadasaheb Phalke and released Kodandera Madappa Cariappa,1949 on 3 May. 6. Chief of Air Staff : Subroto Mukerjee 4. 1913: Actress of Indian cinema: Durgabai Kamat in 7. Chief of Army Staff: Rajendrasinhji Jadeja Mohini Bhasmasur, released in November, second 8. Commander-in-Chief, IAF: Subroto Mukerjee movie of Phalke 9. Chief of Naval Staff: Sir Charles Thomas Mark Pizey 5. 1931: Sound film: Alam Ara directed by Ardeshir Irani 10. First Indian (pre-Independence) flying ace: Indra Lal 6. 1937: Government award for films: Bengal Film Roy Journalists' Association Awards 11. India's first military helicopter pilot: Air Commodore 7. 1937: Colour film: Kisan Kanya, directed by Moti B. Sudhindra Kumar Majumdar Gidvani 12. Cosmonaut: Sqn Ldr Rakesh Sharma, 1984 8. 1946: Palme d'Or at 1946 Cannes Film Festival: 13. Field Marshal: Sam Manekshaw (S.H.F Manekshaw), Neecha Nagar, directed by Chetan Anand 1973 9. 1954: National Film Award for cinema: Shyamchi Aai 14. First female Jawan in the Army: Sapper Shanti Tigga 10. 1955: Film to attract International critical attention: lp Pather Panchali 15. First Param Vir Chakra winner: Major Som Nath 11. 1957: Oscar nomination for Best Foreign Language Sharma Film: Mother India 16. First woman in the Indian Army to receive the coveted 12. 1959: Film to be banned: Neel Akasher Neechey, ‘Sword of Honour' prize: Divya Ajith Kumar directed by Mrinal Sen 17. First Indian woman to fly fighter aircraft solo: IAF 13. 1959: Cinemascope film: Kaagaz Ke Phool, directed Officer Avani Chaturvedi by Gurudutt 14. 1960: First actor to win an international film award ( Exploration Afro Asian film awards ceremony) : Sivaji Ganesan 1. Person to ride alone around the world on motorcycle: for Veerapandia Kattabomman. Bharadwaj Dayala 15. 1964: Guinness Book of World Records in the 8. Prime Minister: Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–64); India category "Fewest actors in a narrative film": Yaadein held its first constitutional elections in 1952 after directed and acted by Sunil Dutt which he was re-elected 16. 1967: 70 mm film: Hindi film Around the World 9. Deputy Prime Minister: Vallabhbhai Patel (1947–50) 17. 1969: Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipient: Devika 10. Law Minister of India: B. R. Ambedkar Rani 11. Leader of Opposition: A. K. Gopalan 18. 1982: Oscar winner: Bhanu Athaiya for Best Costume 12. Prime Minister to be voted out of office: Indira Gandhi Design for the film Gandhi (1977), when the Indian National Congress lost to the 19. 1984: 3-D film: My Dear Kuttichathan, a Malayalam Janata Party film, produced in 1984, dubbed in Hindi as Chhota 13. Non-Congress government: Janata Party, with Morarji Chetan Desai as the Prime Minister (1977–1980) 20. 1984: Sponsored TV serial: Hum Log, started on 7 14. Non-Congress State government with Majority by a July, was also the first soap opera of India, ran for single party: E. M. S. Namboodiripad of CPI, Kerala 156 episodes 1957 21. 1985: Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of Arts and 15. Prime Minister to lead a minority government for a full Letters) – Director: Mrinal Sen term (five years): P. V. Narasimha Rao, 21 June 1991 – 22. 1987: First film to shoot underwater - Kannada movie 16 May 1996 Ondu Muttina Kathe, was the first Indian movie to be 16. Person outside the Nehru-Gandhi family to serve as shot under water in Maldives Prime Minister for a full term (five years): P. V. 23. 1992: Oscar for Lifetime Achievement: Satyajit Ray Narasimha Rao, 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996 24. 1992: Indian filmmaker to get Bharat Ratna: Satyajit 17. Non Congress Prime Minister to serve a full term: Atal Ray Bihari Vajpayee 25. 1995: Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of Arts and 18. Prime Minister from South India: P. V. Narasimha Letters) – Actor: Sivaji Ganesan Rao, 1991, H.D.Deve Gowda 26. 2004: Colorized film: Mughal-e-Azam in 2004 (the 19. The first Viceroy of India: Lord Canning, 1858 original black-and-white version was released in 20. Governor-General of India: Warren Hastings, 1773 1960) 21. Governor-General of Independent India: Lord 27. 2004: Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of Arts and Mountbatten, 1947 Letters) – Actress: Sharmila Tagore 22. Indian Governor-General of Indian Union: C 28. 2006: Film screened at the United Nations: Lage Raho Rajagopalachari, 1948 Munna Bhai, on 10 November, directed by Rajkumar 23. Chief Justice of India: H. J. Kania (1947–51) Hirani 24. First Sikh Prime Minister: Manmohan Singh (2004–14) 29. 2008: Actor to enact most roles (10): Kamal Haasan in 25. First Muslim President: Zakir Hussain (1967–69) Dasavathaaram 26. First Sikh President: Giani Zail Singh 30. 2009: Music director to win an Oscar and first double 27. Indian ICS Officer: Satyendranath Tagore, 1863 Oscar winner: A. R. Rahman for Slumdog Millionaire 28. Speaker of Lok Sabha: G. V. Mavlankar (1952–56) 31. 2009: Actress to enact most roles (12): Priyanka 29. Finance Minister of Independent India: R. K. Chopra in What's Your Raashee? Shanmukham Chetty (1947–49), for others see First 32. 2016: First Indian Editor who got recognized by Avid Nehru ministry Editors : GA Gowtham 30. Presentation of the first budget after India's Independence: R. K. Shanmukham Chetty on 26 Governance November 1947 1. First President of the Indian National Congress: 31. First Home Minister of India: Sardar Vallabh Bhai Womesh Chandra Bannerjee, 1885 Patel 2. First President of the Indian National Congress of 32. First Indian President to die in Office: Zakir Hussain, independent India: Acharya Kripalani, until November 3 May 1969 1947 33. First Chief Minister to die in Office: C. N. Annadurai, 3. President: Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1950–62) Tamil Nadu 4. The first Chief Election Commissioner: Sukumar Sen 34. First Indian Prime Minister to resign from office: 5. First Industries and Supplies Minister: Shyama Morarji Desai, 1979 Prasad Mukherjee 35. First Prime Minister born after India's independence: 6. First person to resign from the Central Cabinet: Narendra Modi, born 17 September 1950 Shyama Prasad Mukherjee 7. Vice-President: Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Science 1. The first president of the inaugural session of the 25. 1975 – First PCM system commissioned between Indian Science Congress: Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee in Mumbai City and Andheri telephone exchanges. 1914 26. 1976 – First digital microwave junction introduced. 2. Hydroelectric plant: Sidrapong near Darjeeling. 27. 1979 – First optical fibre system for local junction commissioned in 1897, commissioned at Pune. 3. Place to get electricity: Darjeeling in 1897, followed 28. 1980 – First satellite earth station for domestic by Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1898 and Kolar Gold communications established at Secunderabad, Fields in 1902. Telangana 4. Man in space: Rakesh Sharma aboard Soyuz T-11, on 29. 1983 – First analog Stored Program Control exchange 3 April 1984. He was the 138th man in space for trunk lines commissioned at Mumbai. worldwide. 30. 1984 – First Underground Metro Railways System at 5. Woman in space: Kalpana Chawla aboard Space Calcutta. Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87, on 19 November 31. 1984 – C-DOT established for indigenous 1997. She was a naturalized United States citizen, and development and production of digital exchanges. represented the US during the event. 32. 1990 – First technology park in India, Technopark, 6. Test-tube baby: Durga Agarwal, born 1978 Trivandrum was launched 7. Scientific Expedition to Antarctica: 1981 33. 1995 – First mobile telephone service started on non- 8. Nuclear Reactor: Apsara, Mumbai, Maharashtra commercial basis on 15 August 1995 in Delhi. 9. First Genetically modified food product in India: Bt. 34. 2014 – First country to enter Mars' orbit on their first Egg plant Hybrid (Bt. – Bacilius thuringiensis) attempt with successful launch of Mars Orbiter 10. Satellite: Aryabhata, launched on 19 April 1975 Mission (Mangalyaan) 11. Satellite dedicated exclusively for educational 35. 2015– First 3D printed humanoid robot in India at A- services: EDUSAT SET Training & Research Institutes – Manav (robot) 12. Successfully indigenous launch vehicle: SLV-3 13. Prospective space tourist: Santhosh George Kulangara, proposed in 2009 aboard Virgin Galactic Medical Science 14. Cloned animal: Bhass, sampura 1. First graduate in medicine: Surjo Kumar Chakraborty 15. In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line 2. First rhinoplasty noted in the world/India: Over Ksatji, was started between Kolkata and Diamond Harbor. In a British soldier by a Kumhar Vaidya. 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East 3. First physician in India and second in the world to India Company perform the In vitro fertilization: Subhash 16. 1854: Telegraph service opened to the Public Mukhopadhyay. 17. First telephone exchange: On 28 January 1882, Major 4. First in India to receive a fellowship of the E. Baring, Member of the Governor General of India's International Federation for Emergency Medicine – Council declared open the Telephone Exchanges in Dr. K. Hari Prasad Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. The exchange in 5. First Indian to be appointed as the deputy director Calcutta named the "Central Exchange", was opened general of programmes (DDP) of the World Health at third floor of the building at 7, Council House Organization (WHO): Dr. Soumya Swaminathan Street, with a total of 93 subscribers. Later that year, Bombay also witnessed the opening of a telephone exchange. Sports 18. 1902 – First wireless telegraph station established 1. Indian to swim across the English Channel: Mihir between Sagar Islands and Sandheads. Sen, 1958 19. 1907 – First central battery of telephones introduced 2. Woman to swim across the English Channel: Arati in Kanpur. Saha, 1959 20. 1913–1914 – First automatic exchange installed in 3. Anju Bobby George: First Indian Athlete ever to win a Shimla. Medal in World Championships in Athletics.She Won 21. 1927 – Radio-telegraph system between the UK and the Bronze Medal in Long Jump at the 2003 World India, with Imperial Wireless Chain beam stations at Championships in Athletics in Paris. Khadki and Daund. Inaugurated by Lord Irwin on 23 4. Formula One driver: Narain Karthikeyan July by exchanging greetings with King George V. 5. Formula One team: Force India F1 22. 1933 – Radiotelephone system inaugurated between 6. A1 GP race victory: Narain Karthikeyan, Zhuhai, the UK and India. China, 2007 23. 1953 – 12 channel carrier system introduced. 7. Person to equal world record in Archery: Limba Ram, 24. 1960 – First subscriber trunk dialing route 1992 commissioned between Lucknow and Kanpur. 8. Person to walk across the Mongolian Gobi Desert: 12. First Woman to Win an Olympic Silver Medal: P. V. Sucheta Kadethankar who achieved the feat in 51 Sindhu in Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics days, 11 hours and 40 minutes in 2011 13. First Woman to Win a Medal in Wrestling: Sakshi 9. Ashish Kumar, first Indian to win a medal in both Malik Bronze in the 2016 Summer Olympics Asian games( 12 to 27 November November 2010, 14. First Indian Golfer : Aditi Ashok, 2016 Summer Guangzhou(China)) and Commonwealth games Olympics (Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010). He won 15. First Indian female gymnast ever to compete in the Bronze medal in both games. Olympics: Dipa Karmakar at 2016 Summer Olympics 10. Shiva Keshavan, first Indian to win two gold medals for India in winter sports at the Asia Cup in Japan in 2011 and 2012; also a four-time Olympian and has set the new Asian speed record on ice at 134.3 km/h and Chess track record of 49.590 seconds 1. Chess Grandmaster: Male – Viswanathan Anand, 11. Santhi Soundarajan: first World Peace Sports Festival 1988 Ambassador from India and first Indian woman to win 2. Chess Women Grandmaster: Female – Bhagyashree a medal at Asian Games Thipsay, 1986 12. Aanchal Thakur gives India its 1st international 3. Female – Koneru Humpy – 2002; also the youngest bronze medal in skiing. woman to become a grandmaster, at 15 years old. 13. Navjot Kaur became the first Indian woman wrestler (Hou Yifan of China is the youngest woman to to win an Asian gold medal. become a grandmaster, at 14 years and 6 months.) 14. Vinesh Phogat became the first Indian woman wrestler to win an Asian Games gold medal. 15. Saina Nehwal became the first Indian woman Football badminton player to win an Asian Games medal. 1. First Indian footballer to play overseas: Mohammed Salim Olympics 2. First Indian football goalkeeper to play overseas: Subrata Paul 1. Olympic Team Medal: Gold in Field Hockey at 1928 3. First footballer to be named the Indian footballer of Summer Olympics, Amsterdam, beating Netherlands the century (20th century): Pradip Kumar Banerjee 2. Individual Medal (in British India): Two Silver Medals 4. First Indian as well as an Asian to be declared best by Norman Pritchard in 200 metres and 200 metres captains in the world by English FA: Shailen Manna Hurdles at the 1900 Summer Olympics, Paris (This is 5. First Indian to manage a Bundesliga football club: disputed however. The IOC claims he participated for Robin Dutt India. The IAAF records him as a participant for Great 6. First Indian to be inducted in the AFC Hall of Fame: Britain.) Baichung Bhutia 3. Individual Medal: Bronze by K. D. Jadhav for 7. First Indian to score the fastest goals (third fastest in Wrestling at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki the world): I. M. Vijayan 4. Medal in Tennis: Leander Paes at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta 5. Individual Medal Woman: Bronze by Karnam Tennis Malleswari for Weightlifting 54 kg class, at the 2000 1. Grand Slam title: Mahesh Bhupathi (partnering with Summer Olympics Sydney Japanese Rika Hiraki) in the mixed doubles category 6. Individual Gold Medal: Abhinav Bindra in the 10 m Air of the 1997 French Open Rifle event at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. 2. Woman to win a match in a Grand Slam event: 7. Individual Silver Medal (Independent India): Nirupama Vaidyanathan beat Italian Gloria Pizzichini Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore in the Men's Double in the first round of the 1998 Australian Open Trap event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens 3. Woman to reach 4th round (highest as of 2009) of a 8. Medal in Boxing: Vijender Singh in the Beijing Grand Slam singles event: Sania Mirza in the singles Olympics 2008 category of the 2005 US Open 9. Medal in Badminton: Saina Nehwal, Bronze in the 4. Woman to win a Grand Slam title: Sania Mirza London Olympics 2012 (partnering with Mahesh Bhupathi) in the mixed 10. Back to Back Medal: Sushil Kumar, Bronze in the doubles category of the 2009 Australian Open Beijing Olympics 2008 and Silver in the London 5. Grand Slam junior title: Ramanathan Krishnan in the Olympics 2012 singles category of the 1954 Wimbledon 11. Medal in Boxing Women: MC Mary Kom, Bronze in Championship the London Olympics 2012 6. Grand Slam junior title by a woman: Sania Mirza 18. Hat-trick in an ODI: Chetan Sharma against New (partnering with Russian Alisa Kleybanova) in the Zealand in 1987. doubles category of the 2003 Wimbledon 19. Hat trick in test cricket: Harbhajan Singh against Championships Australia in 2001 at Kolkata. 7. Yuki Bhambri became the first Indian to win the 20. First World Cup Runners up captain: Sourav Ganguly singles in the Junior Australian Open, when he (2003) defeated the Greek Alexandros-Ferdinandos 21. World Cup: At the 1983 World Cup when India beat Georgoudas in the final 6–3, 6–1 in the finals in 2009. West Indies in the finals, under the captaincy of Kapil 8. Sania Mirza became the first Indian to reach No. 1 Dev doubles WTA ranking. 22. Batsman to complete 10,000 runs in Tests: Sunil Gavaskar (first in the world to achieve this feat) 23. Batsman to complete 10,000 runs in ODIs: Sachin Tendulkar (first in the world to achieve this feat) Cricket 24. Winner of the first T20 World Cup: India (in 2007) against Pakistan 1. First cricket club in India: Calcutta Cricket and 25. Cricketer to score 100 centuries in Test and ODIs Football Club (1792) in Calcutta (now Kolkata) combined: Sachin Tendulkar (he was the first in the 2. First test match played in India: India vs England in World to achieve this feat) Eden Gardens, Calcutta (result draw) (5–8 Jan 1934) 26. First bowler to take all 10 wickets in an innings: Anil 3. First Indian captain and the third in history to have Kumble (against Pakistan) led his team to victory after being enforced to follow 27. First batsman to score 50 centuries in Test cricket: on, against Steve Waugh's Australia in 2001–02: Sachin Tendulkar Sourav Ganguly 28. First woman to score a double hundred in Test 4. First cricket stadium: Eden Gardens in Kolkata cricket: Mithali Raj (214* against New Zealand at 5. First test victory: against England At Madras Wellington, 2004); first in the world to achieve this 6. Cricket tournament: the Bombay Triangular (1905– feat 1911) which later became the Bombay Quadrangular 29. First Indian to score a T20 century: Suresh Raina (1912–1936) (India vs South Africa) 7. First Indian captain to win more than 21 test matches 30. Six sixes in an Over: Yuvraj Singh in a T20 match vs as a captain: Mahendra Singh Dhoni England 8. Test match: against England at Lord's, 25 June 1932 31. First nation to win a World Cup Finale on its home 9. Captain in tests: C. K. Nayudu for the 1932 tour of ground: India (ICC 2011 Cricket World Cup) final held England. at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai 10. ODI captain: Ajit Wadekar 32. Fastest fifty in a T20I: 50 runs off 12 balls by Yuvraj 11. Cricketer to score a century in a test match: Lala Singh (vs England in the Inaugural World T20 Amarnath, 118 against England in December 1933 at Championship held in South Africa, 2007) Bombay Gymkhana grounds. 12. First Indian to score the highest runs in a World Cup: Sourav Ganguly 183 runs vs Sri Lanka in 1999 World Women in general Cup Cricket. 1. First female Monarch in India: Prabhavatigupta (385- 13. Cricketer to score a double century in a test match: 405) of Vakataka dynasty Polly Umrigar, 223 against New Zealand at Hyderabad 2. First women's court in India: Malda, West Bengal in 1955–56 3. Graduates: Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi 14. Cricketer to score a triple century in a test match: Basu, 1883 Virender Sehwag, 309 against Pakistan in Multan in 4. The first woman honours graduate: Kamini Roy, 1886 2004. 5. Head of an undergraduate academic institution: 15. Indian to score an ODI century: Kapil Dev, 175* Chandramukhi Basu, 1888 against Zimbabwe in the 1983 Cricket World Cup. 6. Honours graduate: Kamini Roy (1886) 16. Indian to score an ODI double century is Sachin 7. Pilot a locomotive engine (train driver): Surekha Tendulkar, 200* against South Africa at Gwalior, 24 Yadav February 2010 (he was the first in the World to 8. Chairperson of State Bank of India: Arundhati achieve this feat). Bhattacharya 17. Indian to score three ODI double centuries and the 9. Court martialled: Anjali Gupta in 2005 highest individual runs in ODI is Rohit Sharma, 264 10. Lawyer: Cornelia Sorabjee (1892), also the first female against Sri Lanka in 2014. graduate from Bombay University, and the first woman in the world to read law at Oxford 11. Muskan Sethi, 2015 India's first female Professional 45. First woman appointed as the United Nations Civil Poker Player Police adviser: Kiran Bedi (2003) 12. Photojournalist: Homai Vyarawalla (1913) 46. First woman boxer (in world too) to win a medal in all 13. Doctorate of Science: Asima Chatterjee (1944) six World championships: Mary Kom 14. Chief Justice of a High Court (Himachal Pradesh): 47. First and the only Indian golfer to participate in Asian Leila Seth, 1991 Youth Games (2013), Youth Olympic Games (2014), 15. Air Vice Marshal: Padmavathy Bandopadhyay Asian Games (2014) and Olympic Games (2016): Aditi 16. Supreme Court judge: Justice M. Fathima Beevi Ashok 17. High Court Judge: Anna Chandy 18. Woman President of the United Nations General Women in Governance Assembly: Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, 1953 1. Indian National Congress President: Annie Besant 19. Physician: Kadambini Ganguly, 1886 2. President of India: Pratibha Patil, 2007 20. Airline Pilot: Durba Banerjee 3. Prime Minister of India: Indira Gandhi, 1966 21. Space: Kalpana Chawla aboard Space Shuttle 4. Speaker of the Lok Sabha: Meira Kumar Columbia flight STS-87, on 19 November 1997. She 5. Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha: Margaret Alva was a naturalized United States citizen, and 6. Secretary-General of the Rajya Sabha: V.S. Ramadevi represented the US during the event. 7. Secretary-General of the Lok Sabha: Snehalata 22. Nobel Prize winner: Mother Teresa of calcutta in 1979 Shrivastava (Albanian born Indian citizen) 8. IPS Officer Kiran Bedi 23. To cross English Channel: Aarti Saha 9. Cabinet Minister in India: Rajkumari Amrit Kaur 24. Monarch of Delhi Sultanate: Razia Sultana (1205– 10. Minister in India: Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit 1240) of Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi) 11. Chief Minister: Sucheta Kriplani Uttar Pradesh 25. Minister in a government: Rajkumari Amrit Kaur in the 12. Governor: Sarojini Naidu (Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Ministry of Health 1947–49) 26. Speaker of the Lok Sabha: Meira Kumar 13. Home Minister of a state: Sabitha Indra Reddy, 27. Asha Pande, first Indian woman to be the member of Andhra Pradesh Legion of Honour 14. Finance Minister of State Government in India: Dr 28. Anjali Gopalan, first Tamil woman member of the Upinderjit Kaur, in Punjab Govt. royal French Legion of Honour. 15. Director General of Police: Kanchan Chaudhary 29. Asian Games gold medal winner: Kamlijit Sandhu Bhattacharya 30. Climb Mount Everest: Bachendri Pal, 1984 16. Railway Minister of India: Mamata Banerjee 31. Chess Grandmaster: Koneru Humpy, 2002. She was 17. Fully blind IFS officer: Beno Zephine N L also the youngest woman in the world to become a 18. To join IFS, to be a diplomat, to become the grandmaster, at 15 years old. ambassador/High commissioner (also sued the Indian 32. To win 1st round match in a Grand Slam event: government for gender bias): C. B. Muthamma. Nirupama Vaidyanathan beat Italian Gloria Pizzichini 19. IPS officer, Assam: Yamin Hazarika in the first round of the 1998 Australian Open 20. IPS officer, Sikkim: Aparajita Rai 33. To reach 4th round (highest as of 2008) of a Grand 21. IPS officer, Maharashtra: Meera Borvankar Slam event: Sania Mirza in the Singles category of the 2005 US Open. 34. Grand Slam junior title: Sania Mirza (partnering with States Russian Alisa Kleybanova) in the doubles category of 1. achieve 100% primary education – Kerala 2016 the 2003 Wimbledon Championships. 2. become a fully organic state – Sikkim 2016 35. Paris Brest Paris Cycling Event: Divya Tate (44): 3. unveil retail policy – Andhra Pradesh 2016 August 2011 4. complete 100% online electoral enrollment – Kerala 36. Pilot (Indian Air Force): Harita Kaur Deol 5. e-auction limestone blocks – Jharkhand 2016 37. Pilot (aircraft): Sarla Thakral 6. build first gender park – Kerala 2016 38. To Cross Gobi Desert: Sucheta Kadethankar (33): 7. become a 'complete digital state' – Kerala 2016 2011 8. World's Largest Community Kitchen (Golden Temple) 39. Reach the final of an Olympic event: P. T. Usha –Amritsar 40. IAS officer:Isha Basant Joshi 41. Youngest Ultramarathoner to run a 100-mile race Places (Himalayas) 1. First Wi-Fi Jetty in India:- Mandwa Jetty, Alibaug- 42. Magasasay Award: Mother Teresa Maharashtra launched by 'SmartAd Solutions & 43. Bus driver at Delhi Transport Corporation: Sarita Services LLP' 44. Managing director of LIC of India : Usha Sangwan 2. First partition of Indian state: Bengal 3. First road which is a connected to a Wi-Fi zone: 13. First woman to drive a railway train in India: Surekha Rajarhat (connecting Rajarhat Main Arterial Road to Yadav the airport to Sector V in the city of Kolkata with 10.5 14. First female auto-rickshaw driver – Shila Dawre; km) Pune, 1988 4. District to achieve a 100% literacy rate: Ernakulam 15. First motor taxi: Mumbai, 1911 district, Kerala, 1990. Pothanicad in Ernakulam 16. First large scale import of motor cars: relatively large district is the first panchayath in India that achieved contingent of motorcars imported for the Delhi Darbar 100% literacy. held in 1911 to mark the arrival of King George V 5. City/town to achieve a 100% literacy rate: Kottayam, 17. First registration scheme for motor vehicles in India: Kerala, 1989 1912 6. District to achieve a 100% literacy rate and lowest 18. Arrival of mass production technology makes the population growth rate: Pathanamthitta district, Automobile a practical means of transport by the Kerala 1920s and most British officers had cars 7. District to be polio-free: Pathanamthitta district, 19. First assembly of motor cars: General Motors sets up Kerala the first assembly unit to assemble cars from 8. District to become tobacco-free: Kottayam district, imported parts in 1928. The National Series AB sedan Kerala, 27 September 2008 is produced. 9. District to become India's 'total electrified district': 20. First manufacture of motor cars: Hindustan Motors Palakkad, Kerala, 2011 begins production of cars in 1942. Premier 10. City to have an e-court: Ahmedabad, 8 February 2009 automobiles and Standard Motors setup. Technology 11. City to ranked as the No.1 Indian city for ‘quality of stagnates as a result of economic autarky as India is life’ – Chennai, Tamil Nadu isolated from the rest of the world 12. India's first Wi-Fi city: Kolkata 21. First act leading to liberalization of the Auto sector: Maruti 800 launched in 1983 and the automotive Transport industry is progressively liberalized 1. First City to get India's first underwater Metro which 22. First fully indigenous passenger car developed in is below the flowing Hooghly River : Kolkata Metro at India: Tata Indica, launched in 1998 Kolkata 23. First expressway: Mumbai - Pune Expressway in 2. First (Metro) rail to become zone of Indian Railways: 2000, Kolkata Metro as the (17Th Zonal Headquarter) (30 24. First major acquisition of a foreign company by an December 2010) Indian company: Tata Motors acquires Jaguar and 3. First and the only Indian (Metro) rail under Indian Land Rover in 2007. Mahindra Automotive emerges Railways: Kolkata Metro as the top bidder for SsangYong Motor Company in 4. First passenger train: between Mumbai and Thane on 2010. 16 April 1853 25. First aeroplane in India: Maharaja of Patiala, 1910 5. First suburban railway line: Mumbai Suburban 26. Domestic commercial aviation is born in India in 1911 Railway in 1857 when on 18 February, Henri Piquet, flying a Humber 6. First rapid transit (Metro) rail: Kolkata Metro in 1984 biplane, carries mail from Allahabad to Naini 7. First motorcar: in 1897, Mr Forster of Crompton Junction, some six miles away. Greaves 27. 1927: India's first airline, Imperial Airways, extends its 8. First motorcar in regular use: Francis Spring, Empire Routes to India, connecting India with the Chennai in 1901 outside world for the first time through an air 9. First Indians to own a motorcar: Jamsetji Tata, with network. A de Havilland Hercules flies the Cairo- Parsi lawyer Rustom Cama, in 1901 Basra-Karachi-Jodhpur-Delhi route. It is also the first 10. First competitive event: Delhi – Bombay trials in 1905 domestic passenger flight to be operated in India. at the behest of Lord Curzon and otor Union of Passengers could be for the first time fly from Western India to test the suitability of the Automobile Karachi to Jodhpur and to Delhi on Imperial Airways. for Indian roads and to facilitate interaction between 28. On 10 February 1929, J. R. D. Tata is awarded India's the fledging Automobile Industry and prospective first pilot licence, Pilot Licence No.1 by Federation Indian clients Aeronotique International signed by Sir Victor 11. Oldest surviving and running cars in India: De Dion Sasoon on behalf of the Aero Club of India and Bouton 1904, Rover 1905 Burma. 12. First woman to drive a car in India: Eshan Ulla Robet, 29. 1932: Urmila K Parikh becomes the first woman to get RD Tata 1905 a pilot licence when she is given a licence by the Aero Club of India and Burma. 30. 1932: J. R. D. Tata launches India's first scheduled airline, Tata Airlines, by piloting the first flight himself from Karachi to Bombay via Ahmedabad on a single- engine Puss Moth with a load of airmail. 31. 2009: India's first electric motorcycle Literature and media 1. Newspaper: Hicky's Bengal Gazette started in 1780. 2. Hindi newspaper: Udant Martand on 30 May 1826; published and edited by Jugal Kishore Shukla from Calcutta. 3. Hindi monthly magazine: Saraswati on 1 January 1900, started by Chintamani Ghosh in Allahabad 4. Exclusive Internet magazine: Bharat Samachar Others 1. The first Indian to cross English Channel: Mihir Sen 2. First practicing barrister of Indian origin: Monomohun Ghose 3. First Indian as well as an Asian to be called to the bar in England: Gnanendramohan Tagore 4. First post office opened in India: Kolkata (1727) 5. First telegraph message: on 5 November 1850, between Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Diamond Harbour, a distance of about 50 km. 6. Wax statue of a living Indian: Mahatma Gandhi at Madame Tussaud's in 1939 7. Miss India to participate in Miss Universe: Indrani Rahman in the Miss Universe 1952 Pageant at Long Beach, California 8. India's first woman Merchant Navy Officer: Sonali Banerjee 9. First woman teacher: Savitribai Phule 10. First woman doctor: Anandi Gopal Joshi 11. First Indian World No. 1 women's tennis sportsperson (doubles): Sania Mirza 12. First Indian No. 1 women's badminton player: Saina Nehwal 13. The first record holder in the field of development of eco-innovation: Shripad Vaidya 13 June 2010; Vaidya is the first Nagpurian to get two Limca records within a year, as the first record holder in the field of development of eco-innovation. 14. World's first hand written needle book: Madhushala 15. Writer of world's first hand written needle book (Madhushala): Piyush Goel 16. First disabled friendly bank ATM: Union Bank of India Important Question Answers and Notes on Indian Railways Indian Railways is Asia's largest and the World's second largest railway system under single management. The biggest public sector undertaking and the largest single employed in India : Indian Railways Indian Railways is the second biggest electri ed railway system in the World after Russia. Indian Railways operate in three different gauges Broad Guage (1676 metre width) Metre Guage (1 metre width) Narrow Guage (0.762 metre and 0.610 metre) The rst train service in India : Bombay to Thane The rst railway service was introduced in : 1853 April 16 The railway was introduced in India by : Lord Dalhousie The rst electric train in India : Deccan Queen (was introduced in 1925 between Kalyan and Pune). Indian Railways was nationalised in : 1951 Total Number of Railway zone is ; 17 Total Number of Railway divisions is : 67 In 1991, Indian Railways introduced the world's rst hospital on wheels to provide medical aid in rural areas called : Life Line Express (Jeevan Rekha) - The rst private train in India : Palace on Wheels The luxurious train that services through the tourist centres of Rajasthan Palance on Wheels Mass Rapid Transit System was introduced in 1995 in : Chennai Railway Staff College is at : Baroda The online reservation system launched by the State Bank of India (SBI) : e-Rail Indian Railways has converted the number of trains into 5 digit from : December 20, 2010 First railway station in India : Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus (Mumbai) The railway station which got place in world Heritage site by UNESCO is : Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus Former name of Shivaji Terminus : Victoria Terminus Station The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is a narrow gauge railway in West Bengal. It was declared a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1999. The Nilgiri Mountain Railway is a metre gauge railway in Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu. UNESCO added the Nilgiri Mountain Railway as a World heritage site : July 2005 The Kalka-Shimla Railway is a narrow gauge railway in the Shivalik mountains in Himachal Pradesh Indian Railway museum : Chanakyapuri (Delhi) Highest railway station in India : Ghum Railway Station (Darjeeling) World's longest railway platform : Gorakhpur Station (Uttar Pradesh 1350 meters) The longest distance travelling train in India : Dibragarh Kanyakumari Vivek Express It joins Dibrugarh Town in Assam, North-East India to Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu which is Southernmost tip of mainland India. It travels distance of 4286 kms in 82:30 hrs (almost 4 days) The train passes through most number of states : Mangalapuram - Jammu Tawi Navayug Express The state in India which have no railway : Meghalaya Computer Railway Reservation System was introduced by the Indian Railways in 1988, The World's working steam locomotive engine : Fairy Queen (Fairy Queen runs in India for tourism promotion). Indian Railways celebrated its 150th anniversary on : April 16 2002 The Mascot of Indian Railways : The elephant called Bholu which represents the work of a guard The largest Railway zone : Northern Railway The headquarters of Indian Railways : Baroda House (New Delhi) The Luxurious train that services through the tourist centres of Maharashtra : Deccan Odyssey The train that services through the tourist centres of Gujarat and Rajasthan : Royal Orient train Train connecting popular tourist destinations in Karnataka and Goa : Golden Chariot The latest most luxurious train in India : Maharajas (Mumbai - Delhi) - The luxury tourist train launched in January 2009 following the success of Woke Morjim the Palace on wheels : Royal Rajasthan on wheels ₹965 Passenger train service connecting New Delhi with other state capitals introduced in 1969 : Rajdhani Express. The train service started to commemorate the centenary of Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru's birthday in 1988 : Shatabdi Train Learn more Shatabdi Train was rst operated from New Delhi to Gwalior, later Sandpiper Hotel @ extended to Jhansi and then nally to Bhopal. Little India The tourist train connecting historical Buddhist pilgrim sites : Buddha ₹2,380 Parikrama Express. Budha Parikrama Express was introduced in : 1999 The train service connecting historical Sikh Pilgrim sites : Guru Learn more Parikarma Express LetsBunk Poshtel India's fastest train : Gatimaan Express between New Delhi and Agra (It ₹1,183 travels at a maximum speed of 160 per hour) introduced in June 2014. Long distance non stop trains run by the Indian railways : Duronto Express India's slowest train : Nilgiri Express (speed 10km/hr) Learn more The AIDS/HIV awareness campaign train by the Indian Railway : Red Ribbon Express The train service that connects important historical and educational Use code: IHSURPRISE40 places in various parts of the country : Janam Bhoomi Gaurav The train service started to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of LABELS Swami Vivekananda : Vivek Express Computer Current Affairs Download Vivek Express runs between : D.Brugarh in Assam and English General Knowledge Kanyakumari Geography Government Schemes The train service started to commemorate the 100th birth anniversary of Mother Theresa : Mother Express History Miscellaneous The exhibition train service started to commemorate the 150th birth Model Papers Personalities anniversary of Rabindra Nath Tagore : Sanskrit Express Previous Question Paper Science First superfast train in India : Delhi-Howrah Rajadhani Express Study Material Syllabus First Double Decker express train in India : Howrah - Dhanbad Tips And Tricks Videos First Ac Double Decker express in South India : Chennai - Bangalore An education tourist train connecting important places related to freedom movement : Azadi Express (introduced in 2014) The train service introduced in railway budget 2014 to set up cabins equipped with computers, printers, internet and refreshment in a few coaches of selected trains : Of ce on Wheels The service provided to train passengers to le FIR from any places during or after travel Zero FIR. The monthly magazine of Indian Railways : Indian Rail Longest Rail Bridge in India : Vembanad Rail Bridge It connects Edappally and Vallapadam in Kochi The name given to Railways drinking water Project : Railneer India;s longest railway tunnel : Pirpanjal tunnel in J&K (11 Kms) The train that runs between Delhi (India) and Lahore (Pakistan) : Samjhauta Express The train connecting karachi (Pakistan) and Jodhpur (India) : Thar Express The train that connect India's Kolkata and Bangladesh Dhaka : Maitree Express - It has been revived on April 14, 2008 after being closed for 43 years. Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) Headquarters : New Delhi IRTC was incorporated on September 27, 1999 It handles catering, tourism and online ticketing operation of the railway. The most expensive luxury train in the world : Maharaja Express It is operated by IRCTC It covers more than 12 destinations across North-West and Central India. Fourth Rail manufacturing factory will be set up in Palakkad, Kerala on a Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode. It would use Japanese Technology for the rst time in India to roll out lighter coaches consuming less fuel. First Railway Minister : John Mathai First Women Railway Minister : Mamta Banerjee First Woman Station Master in India : Rinku Sinha Roy India's First woman passenger train driver : Surekha Yadav on Mumbai Central Railway The Konkan Railway, the 760 km rail system. It links Mangalore with Roha in Maharashtra. Konkan railway started functioning in : 1998 January 26 Konkan railway was built under the leadership of : E Sreedharan E Sreedharan is popularly known as : Metro Man First chairman and MD of Konkan railway : E Sreedharan States through which Konkan railway pass : Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka The service of Konkan railway where loaded trucks are directly carried by railway wagons to their destination : RoRo (Roll on Roll off) Headquarters of Konkan Railway : Belapur (Navi Mumbai) First Metro Rail in India : Calcutta (opened 1984-85) The Second Metro Rail system was built in : New Delhi (2002) The Metro Known as Namma Metro : Bangalore Metro Namma Metro was inaugurated on : October 20, 2011 Mumbai Metro Rail Project was stated in : June 8th 2014 India's rst Public Private Partnership (PPP) Metro Project (in which the three phases. The Construction, Operation and Maintenance were given to private players) : Mumbai Metro The rst Metro train to be built in Inida : Movia Metro railway in Kerala under construction : Kochi Metro (Aluva- Pettah, Ernakulam) The name of Kochi metro project : Komet India's rst fully privately funded metro project : Gurgaon's Rapid metro It started functioning from : November 2013 The cities in Kerala proposed for the light metro project : Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikode First monorial in India : Mumbai Mumbai monorail was started in : 2014 February 1 Kerala PSC - Awards and Instituted Years SL Prize/Award/Medal Instituted First Recipient 01. Nobel Prize 1901 Frédéric Passy & Henry Dunant 02. Pulitzer Prize 1917 Jean Jules Jusserand 03. Oscar Award 1929 -- 04. Sahitya Akademi Award (Mal) 1954 R Narayana Panikkar 1954 C. Rajagopalachari 05. Bharat Ratna 1954 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan C. V. Raman Satyendra Nath Bose Nandalal Bose Zakir Husain 06. Padma Vibhushan 1954 Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher V. K. Krishna Menon Jigme Dorji Wangchuck 07. Padma Bhushan 1954 -- 08. Padma Shri 1954 -- 09. Grammy Award 1959 -- 10. Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) 1960 -- 11. Jnanpith Award 1961 G. Sankara Kurup 12. Arjuna Award 1961 -- 13. Ati Vishist Seva Medal (AVSM) 1961 -- 14. Ashoka Chakra 1967 -- 15. Kirti Chakra 1967 -- 16. Shaurya Chakra 1967 -- P. H. Newby Barry England 17. Man Booker Prize 1969 Nicholas Mosley Iris Murdoch Muriel Spark Gordon Williams 18. Saraswati Samman 1991 Harivanshrai Bachchan 19. Khel Ratna Award 1991-92 Viswanathan Anand Bhalachandra Bhaskar Bhagwat 20. Dronacharya Award 1985 Om Prakash Bhardwaj O. M. Nambiar 21. Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize 1995 Julius K Nyerere Shahuraj Birajdar 22. Dhayanchand Award 2002 Ashok Diwan Aparna Ghosh Chief Minister and Council of Ministers in Kerala Name Designation Pinarayi Vijayan Chief Minister Minister for Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes an A. K. Balan Backward Classes, Law, Culture and Parliamentary Affairs E. Chandrasekharan Minister for Revenue and Housing K. T. Jaleel Minister for Local Self Governments, Welfare of Minorities, Wakf and Haj Pilgrimage Kadakampally Surendran Minister for Co-operation, Tourism and Devaswoms M. M. Mani Minister for Electricity Mathew T. Thomas Minister for Water Resources Minister for Fisheries, J. Mercykutty Amma Harbour Engineering and Cashew Industry A. C. Moideen Minister for Industries, Sports and Youth Affairs Adv. K. Raju Minister for Forests, Animal Husbandry and Zoos Ramachandran Minister for Ports, Museums, Kadannappally Archaeology and Archives T. P. Ramakrishnan Minister for Labour and Excise Prof. C. Raveendranath Minister for Education A. K. Saseendran Minister for Transport K. K. Shailaja Teacher Minister for Health and Social Justice G. Sudhakaran Minister for Public Works and Registration Adv. V. S. Sunil Kumar Minister for Agriculture P. Thilothaman Minister for Food and Civil Supplies Dr. T. M. Thomas Isaac Minister for Finance and Coir Indian Government Welfare Schemes One Nation, One Ration Card Stand Up India Loan Scheme Gangajal Delivery Scheme National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana She Pad Scheme National Pension Scheme (NPS) Atal Pension Yojana Atal Jan Ahar Yojna Atal Bhujal Yojana 80 Important Question and Answers on Social Welfare Schemes Kudumbashree Deen Dayal SPARSH Yogana Aajeevika Grameen Express Yojana One Rank One Pension Scheme (OROP) Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) Pradhan Mantri Nai Manzil Yojana (PMNMY) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana(PMFBY) Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana Pradhan mantri Ujjawala yojana Make In India Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal Yojana Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana (VKY) Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Vidyanjali Yojana Indian Railways Passenger Travel Insurance Scheme smart Ganga City Project List of Chief Ministers of Kerala Name From To Part E. M. S. Namboodiripad 05/04/1957 31/07/1959 CPI President Rule 31/07/1959 22/02/1960 Pattom Thanupillai 22/02/1960 26/09/1962 Praja Socialist Party R. Sankar 26/09/1962 10/09/1964 INC President Rule 10/09/1964 06/03/1967 E. M. S. Namboodiripad 06/03/1967 01/11/1969 CPM C. Achutha Menon 01/11/1969 01/08/1970 CPI President Rule 01/08/1970 04/10/1970 C. Achutha Menon 04/10/1970 25/03/1977 CPI K. Karunakaran 25/03/1977 25/04/1977 INC A.K. Antony 27/04/1977 27/10/1978 INC P. K. Vasudevan Nair 29/10/1978 07/10/1979 CPI C. H. Mohammed Koya 12/10/1979 01/12/1979 MUL President Rule 01/12/1979 25/01/1980 E. K. Nayanar 25/01/1980 20/10/1981 CPM K. Karunakaran 29/12/1981 17/03/1982 INC K. Karunakaran 24/05/1982 25/03/1987 INC E. K. Nayanar 26/03/1987 17/06/1991 CPM K. Karunakaran 24/06/1991 16/03/1995 INC A.K. Antony 22/03/1995 09/05/1996 INC E. K. Nayanar 20/05/1996 13/05/2001 CPM A.K. Antony 17/05/2001 29/08/2004 INC Oommen Chandy 31/08/2004 18/05/2006 INC V.S. Achuthanandan 18/05/2006 14/05/2011 CPM Oommen Chandy 18/05/2011 25/05/2016 INC Pinarayi Vijayan 25/05/2016 Present CPM List of Countries Capitals Currency Country Capital Currency Afghanistan Kabul Afghan Afghani Albania Tirane Albanian Lek Algeria Algiers Algerian Dinar Andorra Andorra la Vella Euro Angola Luanda Angolan Kwanza Antigua and Saint John’s East Caribbean dollar Barbuda Argentina Buenos Aires Argentine Peso Armenia Yerevan Armenian Dram Australia Canberra Australian dollar Austria Vienna Euro Azerbaijan Baku Manat Bahamas Nassau Bahamian dollar Bahrain Manama Bahrain dinar Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladeshi Taka Barbados Bridgetown Barbados dollar Belarus Minsk Belorussian ruble Belgium Brussels Euro Belize Belmopan Belize dollar Benin Porto-Novo West African CFA Franc Bhutan Thimphu Ngultrum, Indian rupee Bolivia La Paz Bolivian boliviano Bosnia and Sarajevo Marka Herzegovina Botswana Gaborone Botswana Pula Brazil Brasilia Brazilian Real Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei dollar Bulgaria So a Bulgarian Lev Burkina Faso Ouagadougou CFA Franc Burundi Bujumbura Burundi franc Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodian Riel Cameroon Yaounde CFA Franc Canada Ottawa Canadian dollar Cape Verde Praia Cape Verdean escudo Central African Bangui CFA Franc Republic Chad N’Djamena CFA Franc Chile Santiago Chilean Peso China Beijing Yuan/Renminbi Colombia Bogota Colombian Peso Comoros Moroni Franc Congo Brazzaville CFA Franc Costa Rica San Jose Colón Cote d’Ivoire Yamoussoukro CFA Franc Croatia Zagreb Kuna Cuba Havana Cuban Peso Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus pound Czech Republic Prague Koruna Denmark Copenhagen Krone Djibouti Djibouti Djibouti franc Dominica Roseau East Caribbean dollar Dominican Santo Domingo Dominican Peso Republic East Timor Dili U.S. dollar (Timor-Leste) Ecuador Quito U.S. dollar Egypt Cairo Egyptian pound El Salvador San Salvador Colón, U.S. dollar Equatorial Guinea Malabo CFA Franc Eritrea Asmara Nakfa Estonia Tallinn Kroon Ethiopia Addis Ababa Birr Fiji Suva Fiji dollar Finland Helsinki Euro France Paris Euro Gabon Libreville CFA Franc Gambia Banjul Dalasi Georgia Tbilisi Lari Germany Berlin Euro Ghana Accra Cedi Greece Athens Euro (formerly drachma) Grenada Saint George’s East Caribbean dollar Guatemala Guatemala City Quetzal Guinea-Bissau Bissau CFA Franc Guyana Georgetown Guyanese dollar Haiti Port-au-Prince Gourde Honduras Tegucigalpa Lempira Hungary Budapest Forint Iceland Reykjavik Icelandic króna India New Delhi Rupee Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah Iran Tehran Iranian Rial Iraq Baghdad Iraqi Dinar Ireland Dublin Euro (formerly Irish pound [punt]) Israel Jerusalem* Israeli new Shekel Italy Rome Euro (formerly lira) Jamaica Kingston Jamaican dollar Japan Tokyo Japanese Yen Jordan Amman Jordanian dinar Kazakhstan Astana Tenge Kenya Nairobi Kenya shilling Kiribati Tarawa Atoll Australian dollar Korea, North Pyongyang Won Korea, South Seoul Won Kosovo Pristina Euro (German Mark prior to 2002) Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwaiti dinar Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Som Latvia Riga Lats Lebanon Beirut Lebanese pound Lesotho Maseru Maluti Liberia Monrovia Liberian dollar Libya Tripoli Libyan dinar Liechtenstein Vaduz Swiss franc Lithuania Vilnius Litas Luxembourg Luxembourg Euro (formerly Luxembourg franc) Macedonia Skopje Denar Madagascar Antananarivo Malagasy franc Malawi Lilongwe Kwacha Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Ringgit Maldives Male Ru ya Mali Bamako CFA Franc Malta Valletta Maltese lira Marshall Islands Majuro U.S. Dollar Mauritania Nouakchott Ouguiya Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian rupee Mexico Mexico City Mexican peso Moldova Chisinau Leu Monaco Monaco Euro Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Tugrik Montenegro Podgorica Euro Morocco Rabat Dirham Mozambique Maputo Metical Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw Kyat Namibia Windhoek Namibian dollar Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese rupee Netherlands Amsterdam Euro New Zealand Wellington New Zealand dollar Nicaragua Managua Gold cordoba Niger Niamey CFA Franc Nigeria Abuja Naira Norway Oslo Norwegian krone Oman Muscat Omani rial Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani rupee Palau Melekeok U.S. dollar Panama Panama City balboa; U.S. dollar Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Kina Paraguay Asuncion Guaraní Peru Lima Nuevo sol Philippines Manila Peso Poland Warsaw Zloty Portugal Lisbon Euro (formerly escudo) Qatar Doha Qatari riyal Romania Bucharest Leu Russia Moscow Ruble Rwanda Kigali Rwanda franc San Marino San Marino Euro Sao Tome and Sao Tome Dobra Principe Saudi Arabia Riyadh Riyal Senegal Dakar CFA Franc Serbia Belgrade Yugoslav dinar Seychelles Victoria Seychelles rupee Sierra Leone Freetown Leone Singapore Singapore Singapore dollar Slovakia Bratislava Koruna Slovenian tolar; euro (as Slovenia Ljubljana of 1/1/07) Solomon Islands Honiara Solomon Islands dollar Somalia Mogadishu Somali shilling South Africa Cape Town Rand South Sudan Juba Sudanese Pound Spain Madrid Euro (formerly peseta) Sri Lanka Colombo Sri Lankan rupee Sudan Khartoum Sudanese pound Suriname Paramaribo Surinamese dollar Swazi lilangeni, South Swaziland Lobamba, Mbabane African rand Sweden Stockholm Swedish krona Switzerland Bern Swiss franc Syria Damascus Syrian pound Taiwan Taipei New Taiwan dollar Tajikistan Dushanbe Tajikistani somoni Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzanian shilling Thailand Bangkok Thai baht Togo Lome CFA Franc Tonga Nuku’alofa Pa’anga Trinidad and Trinidad and Tobago Tobago Port-of-Spain dollar Tunisia Tunis Tunisian dinar Turkey Ankara Turkish lira (YTL) Turkmenistan Ashgabat Manat Tuvalu Vaiaku village, Funafuti Australian dollar province Uganda Kampala Ugandan shilling Ukraine Kyiv Ukrainian Hryvnia United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi U.A.E. dirham United Kingdom London Pound sterling United States of Washington D.C. United states Dollar America Uruguay Montevideo Uruguay peso Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistani sum Vanuatu Port-Vila Vatu Vatican City Vatican City Euro Venezuela Caracas Venezuelan bolívar Yemen Sanaa Yemeni Rial Zambia Lusaka Kwacha Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwean dollar List of IPL Records and Statistics Most Runs Overall Batsman Innings Runs Span Virat Kohli (IND) 169 5412 2008–2019 Suresh Raina (IND) 189 5368 2008–2019 Rohit Sharma (IND) 183 4898 2008–2019 David Warner (AUS) 126 4706 2009–2019 Shikhar Dhawan (IND) 158 4579 2008–2019 Highest individual score Batsman Runs Balls Season Chris Gayle (WI) 175* 66 2013 Brendon McCullum (NZ) 158* 73 2008 AB de Villiers (SA) 133* 59 2015 AB de Villiers (SA) 129* 52 2016 Chris Gayle (WI) 128* 62 2012 Fastest centuries Batsman Balls Season Chris Gayle (WI) 30 2013 Yusuf Pathan (IND) 37 2010 David Miller (SA) 38 2013 Adam Gilchrist (AUS) 42 2008 AB de Villiers (SA) 43 2016 Fastest Fifties Batsman Balls Season KL Rahul (IND) 14 2018 Sunil Narine (WI) 15 2017 Yusuf Pathan (IND) 15 2014 Suresh Raina (IND) 16 2014 Hardik Pandya (IND) 17 2019 Ishan Kishan (IND) 17 2018 Sunil Narine (WI) 17 2018 Kieron Pollard (WI) 17 2016 Chris Morris (SA) 17 2016 Adam Gilchrist (AUS) 17 2009 Chris Gayle (WI) 17 2013 Most Wickets Bowler Innings Wickets span Lasith Malinga (SL) 122 170 2009-2019 Amit Mishra (IND) 147 157 2008-2019 Harbhajan Singh (IND) 157 150 2008-2017 Piyush Chawla (IND) 128 126 2008-2019 Dwayne Bravo (WI) 131 147 2008-2019 List of hat-tricks No. Bowler Opposition Season 1. Lakshmipathy Balaji (IND) KXIP 2008 2. Amit Mishra (IND) DC 2008 3. Makhaya Ntini (SA) KKR 2008 4. Yuvraj Singh (IND) RCB 2009 5. Rohit Sharma (IND) MI 2009 6. Yuvraj Singh (IND) DC 2009 7. Praveen Kumar (IND) RR 2010 8. Amit Mishra (IND) KXIP 2011 9. Ajit Chandila (IND) PWI 2012 10. Sunil Narine (WI) KXIP 2013 11. Amit Mishra (IND) PWI 2013 12. Pravin Tambe (IND) KKR 2014 13. Shane Watson (AUS) SRH 2014 14. Axar Patel (IND) GL 2016 15. Samuel Badree (WI) MI 2017 16. Andrew Tye (AUS) RPS 2017 17. Jaydev Unadkat (IND) SRH 2017 18. Sam Curran (ENG) DC 2019 19. Shreyas Gopal (IND) RCB 2019 Results summary Season Winner Runner-up Player of the Series 2008 Rajasthan Royals Chennai Super Kings Shane Watson (Aus) 2009 Deccan Chargers Royal Challengers Bangalore Adam Gilchrist (Aus) 2010 Chennai Super Kings Mumbai Indians Sachin Tendulkar (Ind) 2011 Chennai Super Kings Royal Challengers Bangalore Chris Gayle (WI) 2012 Kolkata Knight Riders Chennai Super Kings Sunil Narine (WI) 2013 Mumbai Indians Chennai Super Kings Shane Watson (Aus) 2014 Kolkata Knight Riders Kings XI Punjab Glenn Maxwell (Aus) 2015 Mumbai Indians Chennai Super Kings Andre Russell (WI) 2016 Sunrisers Hyderabad Royal Challengers Bangalore Virat Kohli (Ind) 2017 Mumbai Indians Rising Pune Supergiant Ben Stokes (Eng) 2018 Chennai Super Kings Sunrisers Hyderabad Sunil Narine (WI) 2019 Mumbai Indians Chennai Super Kings Andre Russell (WI) Highest Totals Score Team Opponent Season 263/5 Royal Challengers Bangalore Pune Warriors India 2013 248/3 Royal Challengers Bangalore Gujarat Lions 2016 246/5 Chennai Super Kings Rajasthan Royals 2010 245/1 Kolkata Knight Riders Kings XI Punjab 2018 240/5 Chennai Super Kings Kings XI Punjab 2008 Lowest Totals Score Team Opponent Season 49 Royal Challengers Bangalore Kolkata Knight Riders 2017 58 Rajasthan Royals Royal Challengers Bangalore 2009 66 Delhi Daredevils Mumbai Indians 2017 67 Delhi Daredevils Kings XI Punjab 2017 67 Kolkata Knight Riders Mumbai Indians 2008 Highest successful run chases Score Team Opponent Season 217/7 Rajasthan Royals Deccan Chargers 2008 214/3 Delhi Daredevils Gujarat Lions 2017 211/4 Kings XI Punjab Sunrisers Hyderabad 2014 208/5 Chennai Super Kings Royal Challengers Bangalore 2012 207/5 Chennai Super Kings Royal Challengers Bangalore 2018 206/4 Kings XI Punjab Chennai Super Kings 2014 List of Miss World Winners List of Miss World Winners Year Title Name Country 2019 Miss World Of 2019 Toni-Ann Singh Jamaica 2018 Miss World Of 2018 Vanessa Ponce Mexico 2017 Miss World Of 2017 Manushi Chhillar India 2016 Miss World Of 2016 Stephanie Del Valle Puerto Rico 2015 Miss World Of 2015 Mireia Lalaguna Spain 2014 Miss World Of 2014 Rolene Strauss South Africa 2013 Miss World Of 2013 Megan Young US 2012 Miss World Of 2012 Yu Wenxia China 2011 Miss World Of 2011 Ivian Sarcos Venezuela 2010 Miss World Of 2010 Alexandria Mills US 2009 Miss World Of 2009 Kaiane Aldorino Gibraltar 2008 Miss World Of 2008 Ksenia Sukhinova Russia 2007 Miss World Of 2007 Zhang Zilin China 2006 Miss World Of 2006 Taťána Kuchařová Czechoslovakia 2005 Miss World Of 2005 Unnur Birna Vilhjálmsdóttir Iceland 2004 Miss World Of 2004 María Julia Mantilla Peru 2003 Miss World Of 2003 Rosanna Davison Ireland 2002 Miss World Of 2002 Azra Akın Netherlands 2001 Miss World Of 2001 Agbani Darego Nigeria 2000 Miss World Of 2000 Priyanka Chopra India 1999 Miss World Of 1999 Yukta Mookhey India 1998 Miss World Of 1998 Linor Abargil Israel 1997 Miss World Of 1997 Diana Hayden India 1996 Miss World Of 1996 Irene Skliva Greece 1995 Miss World Of 1995 Jacqueline Aguilera Venezuela 1994 Miss World Of 1994 Aishwarya Rai India 1993 Miss World Of 1993 Lisa Hanna Jamaica 1992 Miss World Of 1992 Julia Kourotchkina Soviet Union 1991 Miss World Of 1991 Ninibeth Leal Venezuela 1990 Miss World Of 1990 Gina Tolleson US 1989 Miss World Of 1989 Aneta Kręglicka Poland 1988 Miss World Of 1988 Linda Pétursdóttir Iceland 1987 Miss World Of 1987 Ulla Weigerstorfer Austria 1986 Miss World Of 1986 Giselle Laronde Trinidad and Tobago 1985 Miss World Of 1985 Hólmfríður Karlsdóttir Iceland 1984 Miss World Of 1984 Astrid Carolina Herrera Venezuela 1983 Miss World Of 1983 Sarah-Jane Hutt Britain 1982 Miss World Of 1982 Mariasela Álvarez Dominican Republic 1981 Miss World Of 1981 Pilín León Venezuela 1980 Miss World Of 1980 Kimberley Santos US 1979 Miss World Of 1979 Gina Swainson Bermuda 1978 Miss World Of 1978 Silvana Suárez Argentina 1977 Miss World Of 1977 Mary Stävin Sweden 1976 Miss World Of 1976 Cindy Breakspeare Canada 1975 Miss World Of 1975 Wilnelia Merced Puerto Rico 1974 Miss World Of 1974 Anneline Kriel South Africa 1973 Miss World Of 1973 Marjorie Wallace Indiana 1972 Miss World Of 1972 Belinda Green Australia 1971 Miss World Of 1971 Lúcia Petterle Brazil 1970 Miss World Of 1970 Jennifer Hosten Grenada 1969 Miss World Of 1969 Eva Rueber-Staier Austria 1968 Miss World Of 1968 Penelope Plummer Australia 1967 Miss World Of 1967 Madeline Hartog-Bel Peru 1966 Miss World Of 1966 Reita Faria India 1965 Miss World Of 1965 Lesley Langley United Kingdom 1964 Miss World Of 1964 Ann Sidney England 1963 Miss World Of 1963 Carole Joan Crawford Jamaica 1962 Miss World Of 1962 Catharina Johanna Lodders Haarlem, Netherlands 1961 Miss World Of 1961 Rosemarie Frankland Wales 1960 Miss World Of 1960 Norma Gladys Cappagli Buenos Aires, Argentina 1959 Miss World Of 1959 Corine Rottschäfer Netherlands 1958 Miss World Of 1958 Penelope Anne Coelen Durban, South Africa 1957 Miss World Of 1957 Marita Lindahl Finland 1956 Miss World Of 1956 Petra Schürmann Germany 1955 Miss World Of 1955 Susana Duijm Venezuela 1954 Miss World Of 1954 Antigone Costanda Egypt 1953 Miss World Of 1953 Denise Perrier France 1952 Miss World Of 1952 May-Louise Flodin Sweden 1951 Miss World Of 1951 Kiki Håkansson Sweden List of Presidents of India Name Time Period Party Rajendra Prasad 26/01/1950 - 13/05/1962 Indian National Congress Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 13/05/1962 - 13/05/1967 Independent Zakir Hussain (Died in of ce) 13/05/1967 - 3/05/1969 Independent Varahagiri Venkata Giri 24/08/1969 - 24/08/1974 Independent Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (second president to die in of ce) 24-Aug-1974 - 11-Feb-1977 Indian National Congress Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 25/07/1977 - 25/07/1982 Janata Party Giani Zail Singh 25/07/1982 - 25/07/1987 Indian National Congress Ramaswamy Venkataraman 25/07/1987 - 25/07/1992 Indian National Congress Shankar Dayal Sharma 25/07/1992 - 25/07/1997 Indian National Congress Kocheril Raman Narayanan 25/07/1997 - 25/07/2002 Independent A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 25/07/2002 - 25/07/2007 Independent Pratibha Patil 25/07/2007 - 25/07/2012 Indian National Congress Pranab Mukherjee 25/07/2012 - 25/07/2017 Indian National Congress Ram Nath Kovind 25/07/2017 to date NDA List of Prime Ministers of India since independence List of Prime Ministers of India since independence Name Time Period Party Jawahar Lal Nehru 15/08/1947 - 27/05/1964 Indian National Congress Gulzarilal Nanda 27/05/1964 - 09/06/1964 Indian National Congress Lal Bahadur Shastri 09/06/1964 - 11/01/1966 Indian National Congress Gulzarilal Nanda 11/01/1966 - 24/01/1966 Indian National Congress Indira Gandhi 24/01/1966 - 24/03/1977 Indian National Congress Morarji Desai 24/03/1977 - 28/07/1979 Janata Party Charan Singh 28/07/1979 - 14/01/1980 Janata Party Indira Gandhi 14/01/1980 - 31/10/1984 Indian National Congress Rajiv Gandhi 31/10/1984 - 02/12/1989 Indian National Congress(Indira) Vishwanath Pratap Singh 02/12/1989 - 10/11/1990 Janata Dal Chandra Shekhar 10/11/1990 - 21/06/1991 Samajwadi Janata Party PV Narasimha Rao 21/06/1991 - 16/05/1996 Indian National Congress Atal Bihari Vajpayee 16/05/1996 - 01/06/1996 Bharatiya Janata Party HD Deve Gowda 01/06/1996 - 21/04/1997 Janata Dal Inder Kumar Gujral 21/04/1997 - 19/03/1998 Janata Dal Atal Bihari Vajpayee 19/03/1998 - 22/05/2004 Bharatiya Janata Party Dr. Manmohan Singh 22/05/2004 - 26/05/2014 Indian National Congress Narendra Modi 26/05/2014 to present Bharatiya Janata Party List of Lakes in India State Lakes Kolleru Lake Andhra Pradesh Pulicat Lake Chandubi Lake Chapanala Lake Assam Ha ong Lake Son Beel Lake Bihar Kanwar Lake Hamirsar Lake Kankaria Lake Lakhota Lake Gujrat Sursagar Lake Thol Lake Vastrapur Lake Himachal Pradesh Brighu Lake Dashair and Dhankar Lake Kareri and Kumarwah lake Khajjiar Lake Macchial Lake Manimahesh Lake Nako Lake Pandoh Lake Prashar Lake Renuka Lake Rewalsar Lake Seruvalsar and Manimahesh Lake Badkhal Lake Beauty lake Blue Bird Lake Brahma Sarovar Haryana Current lake Karna Lake Sannihit Sarovar Surajkund Tilyar Lake Dal Lake Manasbal Lake Mansar Lake Jammu & Kashmir Pangong Tso Sheshnag Lake Tso Moriri Wular Lake Agara Lake Bellandur Lake Byrasandra Lake Hebbal Lake Kempambudhi Lake Lalbagh Lake Madiwala Lake Puttenahalli Lake Karnataka Sankey Lake Ulsoor Lake Dalavai Lake Devanoor Lake Karanji lake Kukkarahalli lake Lingambudhi Lake Honnamana Kere Pampa Sarovar Kerala Ashtamudi Lake Kuttanad Lake Maanaanchira Manakody Padinjarechira Paravur Kayal y Punnamada Lake Shasthamkotta lake Vadakkechira Vanchikulam Vellayani Lake Vembanad Lake Bhoj Wetland Lower Lake Moti lake Madhya Pradesh Sarang pani lake Shahpura lake Tawa Reservoir Upper Lake Gorewada Lake Khindsi Lake Lonar Lake Mehrun Lake Pashan Lake Powai Lake Maharashtra Rankala Lake Salim Ali Lake Shivasagar lake Talao Pali Upvan Lake Venna Lake Meghalaya Umiam Lake Manipur Loktak Lake Palak dïl Mizoram Tam Dil Anshupa Lake Orissa Chilika Lake Kanjia lake Harike Lake Punjab Kanjli Lake Ropar Lake Rajasthan Ana Sagar Lake Balsamand lake Dhebar Lake Jaisamand Lake Jal Mahal, Man Sagar lake Kaylana Lake Nakki Lake Pushkar Lake Rajsamand Lake Ramgarh Lake Talwara Lake Sambhar Salt Lake Fateh Sagar Lake Rangsagar lake Uday sagar Lake Gurudongmar Lake Khecheopalri Lake Sikkim Lake Tsongmo Lake Cholamu Alwal Cheruvu Lake Durgam Cheruvu (Secret Lake) Himayat Sagar Hussain Sagar Telengana Osman Sagar Sa lguda Lake Saroornagar Lake Shamirpet Lake Berijam Lake Chembarambakkam Lake Kaliveli Lake Kaveripakkam Lake Kodaikanal Lake Tamil Nadu Ooty Lake Perumal Eri Red Hills Lake Sholavaram Lake Singanallur Lake Veeranam Lake Amakhera Lake Barua Sagar Tal Belasagar Lake Bhadi Tal Uttar Pradesh Chando Tal Lake Keetham Lake Nachan Tal Ramgarh Tal Lake Sheikha Jheel Skeleton Lake (Roopkund Lake) Bhimtal Lake Dodital Uttarakhand Nainital Lake Naukuchiatal Sat Tal West Bengal Debar Lake East Calcutta Wetlands Jore Pokhri Mirik Lake Rabindra Sarobar Rasikbil Santragachhi Lake Senchal Lake Notes on Banks and Financial Institutions 1. The Central Bank in India is the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) 2. RBI came into existence on 1st April 1935. 3. RBI was formed on the recommendation of Hilton Yang Commission in 1926. 4. RBI is the also known as Banker's Bank 5. RBI was nationalised on January 1, 1949. 6. The head of ce of RBI is in Mumbai 7. First Governor of RBI Sir Osbourne Arkall Smith 8. First Indian RBI Governor CD Deshmuk 9. RBI has the sole right to issue currency notes of various denominations except one rupee note. 10. RBI maintains gold and foreign exchange reserves. 11. As Banker's Bank, RBI holds a part of the cash reserves of the banks, lends them funds for short periods and provides them with centralised clearing and cheap and quick remittance facilities. 12. RBI regulates the issue of notes above 1 rupees 13. The one rupee notes are issued by the Ministry of Finance. 14. Punjab National Bank was established in the year 1894. 15. The largest public sector bank in Indian State Bank of India. 16. Imperial Bank of India was formed in the year 1921 (by amalgamation of three Presidency banks - Bank of Bengal, Bank of Bombay and Bank of Madras). 17. Imperial Bank was nationalised in 1955 and renamed as State Bank of India. 18. State Bank of India is the Biggest commercial bank in the Public Sector of India. 19. SBI has the largest number of branches (more than 13000) in the world. 20. First bank nationalization took place on July 19, 1969. 14 large commercial banks were nationalised during the Prime Ministership of Indira Gandhi. 21. On April 15, 1980 six banks were nationalized by Indira Gandhi. 22. The New Bank of India was merged with the Punjab National Bank in September 1993. 23. ICICI bank was formed in 1994 24. SIDBI was established in 1990. 25. EXIM (Export Import Bank of India) was set up on January 1, 1982. 26. IDBI was established in 1964. 27. IRBI (Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India) was established in 1971. 28. 14 banks having deposits more than Rs 50 crore nationalized in July 1969 29. 6 banks having deposits more than Rs 200 crore nationalized in April 1980. 30. Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was established in April, 1988 and given statutory status by an Act of Parliament in 1992. 31. Oldest Stock Exchange in India Bombay Stock Exchange (Oldest of Asia) 32. Bombay Stock Exchange was established in 1875. 33. India Security Press is located at Nasik Road, Maharashtra. 34. Security Printing Press is located at Hoshangabad, which was established in 1982. 35. Currency Notes Press is located at Nasik Road in Maharashtra. 36. Postal and Judicial stamps : Indian Securit Press, Nasik, Maharashtra. 37. Bank note press : Devas (Madhya Pradesh), Mysore and Salboni 38. Minting of gold medals : Kolkata and Noida 39. Security printing press : Hyderabad 40. Coins are minted at Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad and Noida. 41. All coins and one rupee notes are issued by the Ministry of Finance. 42. Once rupee note bears the signature of Finance Secretary, Government of India. 43. National Stock Exchange (NSE) was established in the year 1992 44. GIC (General Insurance Corporation) was set up in the year : 1973 45. LIC (Life Insurance Corporation) was established in the year : 1956 46. HUDCO (Housing and Urban Development Finance Corporation) was established in the year 1970. 47. HDFC (Housing Development Finance Corporation) was set up in the year 1977. 48. NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) was established in the year 1982. 49. NABARD was established on the recommendation of Shivraman Committee. 50. NABARD headquarters is at Mumbai 51. SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India) was setup in the year 1990 52. IDBI (Industries Development Bank of India) was set up in the year 1964 53. Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI) was established in the year : 1948 54. State Bank of India has the highest number of ATMs in India 55. Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) was established on September 1, 1956. 56. LIC Headquarters is located at Mumbai 57. Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) was constituted on April 19, 2000. 58. Who will settle the grievances of customers of banks : Ombudsman Popular Books by Indian Politicians Name and Author Name and Author The Disy of India My Experiments with Truth Jawaharlal Nehru Gandhi Name and Author Name and Author The Broken Wings: Songs Jinnah: India- Partitio of Love, Death and Spring Independence Sarojini Naidu Jaswant Singh Name and Author Name and Author My Truth The Indian Struggle 192 1942 Indira Gandhi Subash Chandra Bose Name and Author Name and Author India wins Freedom Unhappy India Maulana Abdul Kalam Lala Lajpat Rai Azad Name and Author Name and Author Governance for Growth in The Insider India P.V Narasimha Rao A P J Abdul Kalam Name and Author Name and Author The Accidental Prime Minister : The making and My Years with Rajiv & unmaking of Manmohan Sonia Singh Sanjaya Baru RD Pradhan Name and Author Name and Author Assassination of Rajiv India at Risk Gandhi: An Inside Job Faraz Ahmad Jaswant Singh Name and Author Name and Author Dramatic Decade: The 2014: The Election that Indira Gandhi years changed India Pranab Mukherjee Rajdeep Sardesai Name and Author Name and Author Indian Parliamentary Green Signals Ecology, Diplomacy Speaker’s Growth and Democracy in Perspective India Meira Kumar Jairam Ramesh Name and Author Name and Author Public Issue before Modinomics - Inclusive Parliament Economics Inclusive Governance Vijay Darda Sameer Kochar Name and Author Name and Author India After Gandhi - History of the World’s The Annihilation of Caste largest Democracy Ramchandra Guha Dr. B R Ambedkar Name and Author Name and Author Unreal Elections The Doctor and Saint: Caste, Race and Annihilation of Caste C S Krishna Arundhati Roy Name and Author Name and Author Debate Between B R The Audacity of opinion Ambedkar and M K Gandhi Jaswant Singh Arundhati Roy Name and Author Name and Author The Rebel: A biography of Jinnah vs Gandhi Ram Jethmalani Sujan Adelman Roderick Matthews Name and Author Name and Author The Great Indian Novel To the Brink and Back: India's 1991 story Shashi Tharoor Jairam Ramesh Name and Author Name and Author India 2020 - A Vision for Glimpse of World History New Millennium A P J Abdul Kalam and YS Jawaharlal Nehru Rajan Name and Author Name and Author Narendra Modi: A Political My Unforgettable Biography Memories Andy Marino Mamta Banerjee Name and Author Name and Author Golden Threshold India Divided list-of-different-parliaments Countries and their Parliaments Parliament of Different Countries Country Parliament Afghanistan Shora Albania People's Assembly Algeria National People's Assembly Andorra General Council Angola National People's Assembly Argentina National Congress Australia Federal Parliament Austria National Assembly Azerbaijan Melli Majlis Bahamas General Assembly Bahrain Consultative Council Bangladesh Jatiya Sansad Belize National Assembly Bhutan Tsogdu Bolivia National Congress Botswana National Assembly Brazil National Congress Britain Parliament (House of Commons and House of Lords) Brunei National Assembly Bulgaria Narodno Subranie Cambodia National Assembly Canada Parliament Chile National Congress (Chamber of Deputies and Senate) China National People's Assembly Colombia Congress Comoros Legislative Council and Senate Congo Democratic Rep. of National Legislative Council Costa Rica Legislative Council and Senate Croatia Hrvatski Sabor Cuba National Assembly of People's Power Czech Republic Chamber of Deputies and Senate Denmark Folketing East Timor Constituent Assembly Ecuador National Congress Egypt People's Assembly El Salvador Legislative Assembly Ethiopia Federal Council and House of Representative Fiji Islands Senate & House of Representative France National Assembly Germany Bundestag (Lower House) and Bundesrat (Upper House) Greece Chamber of Deputies Guyana National Assembly Hungry National Assembly Iceland Althing India Sansad (Rajya Sabha) (Lok Sabha) Indonesia People's Consultative Assembly Iran Majlis Iraq National Assembly Israel Knesset Italy Chamber of Deputies and Senate Japan Diet Jordan National Assembly Korea(North) Supreme People's Assembly Korea(South) National Assembly Kuwait National Assembly Laos The National Assembly Lebanon National Assembly Lesotho National Assembly and Senate Libya General People's Congress Lithuania Seimas Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies Madagascar The National Assembly Malaysia Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara Maldives Majlis Mongolia State Great Khural Montenegro The Parliament Mozambique Assembly of the Republic Myanmar Pyithu Hluttaw (Assembly of the Union) Nepal Federal Parliament Netherlands The Staten General New Zealand Parliament (House of Representative) Oman The Council of Oman Pakistan National Assembly & Senate Papua New Guinea National Parliament Paraguay Senate & Chamber of Deputies Philippines The Congress Poland Sejm Romania Parliament of Romania Russia Duma & Federal Council Saudi Arabia Majlis Al-Shura or Shura Council Senegal National Assembly Serbia National Assembly Seychelles National Assembly South Africa Rep. National Assembly Spain Cortes Generales Sudan Majlis Watani Sweden Riksdag Switzerland Federal Assembly Syria People's Council Turkey Grand National Assembly USA Congress Venezuela National Assembly Vietnam National Assembly Zambia National Assembly List of Geographical Epithets of the World Epithet City/Country/River/Place America’s Motor City Detroit Britain of the South New Zealand Cockpit of Europe Belgium City of Skyscrapers New York (USA) City of Seven Hills Rome (Italy) City of Quiet thoroughfares Venice City of Magnificent Buildings Washington (USA) City of Golden Gate San Francisco (USA) City of Flowers Cape Town (S.Africa) City of Eternal Springs Quito (S.America) City of Dreaming Spires Oxford (England) China’s Sorrow River Hwang Ho Dark Continent Africa Eternal City of Hopes Rome, Italy Empire City New York Emerald Isle Ireland Forbidden City Lhasa (Tibet) Granite City Aberdeen Golden City Johannesburg Gift of Nile Egypt Gibraltar of Indian Ocean Aden Gate of tears Strait of bab-el-Mandeb Garden of England Kent (England) Garden in the desert Ethiopia Garden City Chicago Human Equator of the Earth Himalayas Holy Land Palestine Herring Pond Atlantic Ocean Hermit Kingdom Korea Hanging Valleys Valley of Switzerland Islands of Sunshine West Indies Island of Pearls Bahrain (Persian Gulf) Island of Cloves Zanzibar Island Continent Australia Key to Mediterranean Gibraltar Kashmir of Europe Switzerland Manchester of Japan Osaka (Japan) Loneliest Island Tristan De kunha (Mid. Atlantic) Land of White Elephant Thailand Land of Thunderbolt Bhutan Land of Thousand Lakes Finland Land of Thousand Elephants Laos Land of Setting Sun United Kingdom Land of Rising Sun Japan Land of Morning Calm Korea Land of Midnight Sun Norway Land of Maple Canada Land of Lilies Canada Land of Lakes Scotland Land of Kangaroo Australia Land of Golden Pagoda Myanmar Land of Golden Fleece Australia Land of Five Seas South West Asia Play Ground of Europe Switzerland Pillars of Hercules Straits of Gibraltar Queen of the Adriatic Venice Quaker City Philadelphia Roof of the World The pamirs (Tibet) River in the Sea Gulf Stream Sugar Bowl of the world Cuba Sick man of Europe Turkey Venice of the North Stockholm Venice of the East Bangkok Windy City Chicago White City Belgrade Workshop of Europe Belgium Yellow River Hwang Ho (China) List of Head of Countries Country Current President and Prime Minister President – Ashraf Ghani (2014–present) Afghanistan Prime Minister – Abdullah Abdullah (2014–present) President – Ilir Meta (2017–present) Albania Prime Minister – Edi Rama (2013–present) President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika (1999–present) Algeria Prime Minister – Ahmed Ouyahia (2017–present) Angola President – João Lourenço (2017–present) Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981– present) Antigua and Barbuda Governor-General – Sir Rodney Williams (2014–present) Prime Minister – Gaston Browne (2014–present) President – Armen Sarkissian (2018–present) Armenia Prime Minister – Nikol Pashinyan (2018–present) Argentina President – Mauricio Macri (2015–present) Governor – Alfonso Boekhoudt (2017–present) Aruba Prime Minister – Evelyn Wever-0.Croes (2017–present) Monarch – Elizabeth II (1952–present) Australia Governor-General – David Hurley (2019) Prime Minister – Scott Morrison (2018–present) President – Alexander Van der Bellen (2017–present) Austria Chancellor – Brigitte Bierlein (since 2019) President – Ilham Aliyev (2003–present) Azerbaijan Prime Minister – Novruz Mammadov (2018–present) Monarch – Elizabeth II (1973–present) Bahamas Governor-General – Dame Marguerite Pindling (2014–present) Prime Minister – Hubert Minnis (2017–present) Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa (1999–present) Bahrain Prime Minister – Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa (1970– present) President – Abdul Hamid (2013–present) Bangladesh Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina (2009–present) Monarch – Elizabeth II (1966–present) Barbados Governor-General – Dame Sandra Mason (2018–present) Prime Minister – Mia Mottley (2018–present) President – Alexander Lukashenko (1994–present) Belarus Prime Minister – Syarhey Rumas (2018–present) Monarch – Philippe (2013–present) Belgium Prime Minister – Charles Michel (2014–present) Monarch – Elizabeth II (1981–present) Belize Governor-General – Sir Colville Young (1993–present) Prime Minister – Dean Barrow (2008–present) Benin President – Patrice Talon (2016–present) Monarch – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (2006–present) Bhutan Prime Minister – Dasho Tshering Wangchuk (2018–present) Bolivia President – Evo Morales (2006–present) Botswana President – Mokgweetsi Masisi (2018–present) Brazil President – Jair Bolsonaro (2022 - 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Maldives present); President – Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (2013–present) Mali Prime Minister – Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga (2017–present) President : Barlen Vyapoory (2018–present) Mauritius Prime Minister : Pravind Jugnauth (2017–present) President – Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (December, 2018 – Mexico present) Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present) Morocco Prime Minister – Saadeddine Othmani (2017–present) President – Win Myint (2018–present) Myanmar Prime Minister – Aung San Suu Kyi (2016–present) President – Hage Geingob (2015–present) Namibia Prime Minister – Saara Kuugongelwa (2015–present) President – Bidhya Devi Bhandari (2015–present) Nepal Prime Minister – Khadga Prasad Oli (2018–present) King : Willem-Alexander (2013–present) Netherlands Prime Minister : Mark Rutte (2010–present) Monarch – Elizabeth II (1952–present) New Zealand Governor General : Dame Patsy Reddy (2016–present) Prime Minister : Jacinda Ardern (2017–present) Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970– Oman present) Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said (1972–present) President : Arif Alvi (2018–present) Pakistan Prime Minister : Imran Khan (2018–present) Philippines President – Rodrigo Duterte (2016–present) President – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (2016–present) Portugal Prime Minister – António Costa (2015–present) Monarch – Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (2013–present) Qatar Prime Minister – Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani (2013–present) President – Klaus Iohannis (2014–present) Romania Prime Minister – Viorica Dăncilă (2018–present) President – Vladimir Putin (2012–present) Russia Prime Minister – Dmitry Medvedev (2012–present) Monarch – Salman (2015–present) Saudi Arabia Prime Minister – Salman (2015–present) Seychelles President – Danny Faure (2016–present) President – Halimah Yacob (2017–present) Singapore Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong (2004–present) South Africa President – Cyril Ramaphosa (2018–present) Monarch – Felipe VI (2014–present) Spain Prime Minister – Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) President – Maithripala Sirisena (2015–present) Sri Lanka Prime Minister – Ranil Wickremesinghe (2015–present) Sudan President – Moutaz Mousa Abdallah (Since 17th September) South Sudan President – Salva Kiir Mayardit (2005–present) President – Bashar al-Assad (2000–present) Syria Prime Minister – Imad Khamis (2016–present) President – Tsai Ing-wen (2016–present) Taiwan Premier – William Lai (2017–present) Monarch – Maha Vajiralongkorn (2016–present) Thailand Prime Minister – Prayut Chan-o-cha (2014–present) President – Petro Poroshenko (2014–present) Ukraine Prime Minister – Volodymyr Groysman (2016–present) President – Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan (2004–present) United Arab Emirates Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (2006–present) United States of President – Donald Trump (2017–present) America Monarch – Elizabeth II (1952–present) United Kingdom Prime Minister – Theresa May (2016–present) President – Dang Thi Ngoc Thinh (acting president Since 21 Vietnam September 2018) Prime Minister – Nguyen Xuan Phuc (2016 – present) Zimbabwe President – Emmerson Mnangagwa (2017–present) List of Indian Newspapers and founders News Paper/Journal Founder Al-Hilal (Daily) Abul Kalam Azad Al-Balagh (Weekly) New India (Daily) Annie Besant Commonweal Sandhya B.B. Upadhyaya Mooknayak Dr. B.R Ambedkar Bahishkrit Bharat Kesari Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak Mahratta Darpan Balshastri Jambhekar Kavi Vachan Sudha Bhartendu Harishchandra Jugantar Bhupendranath Data and Barindra Kumar Ghosh New India (Weekly) Bipin Chandra Pal Bande Mataram Sri Aurobindo List of Indian Newspapers and founders Talvar Virendranath Chattopadhyaya Rast Goftar Dadabhai Naoroji and Kharshedji Cama Voice of India Dadabhai Naoroji Indian Mirror Devendra Nath Tagore The Tribune Dyal Singh Majithia Bombay Chronicle Sir Pherozeshah Mehta The Hindu G. Subramania Iyer Swadesamitran Sudharak Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Pratap Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Inquilab Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah Hindoo Patriot Girish Chandra Ghosh & Harish Chandra Mukherjee Somprakash Dwarkanath Vidyabhusan Bengal Gazette James Augustus Hicky Hindustan Times Sunder Singh Lyallpuri Vichar Lahiri Krishnashastri Chiplunkar Arya Gazette Lala Lajpat Rai Induprakash Gopal Hari Deshmukh The Leader Madan Mohan Malaviya Hindustan Navjeevan Indian Opinion Mahatma Gandhi Young India Harijan Kranti Mirajkar, Joglekar, Ghate The Comrade Maulana Mohammad Ali List of Indian Newspapers and founders The Independent (India) Motilal Nehru Din Mitra Mukundarao Patil Din Bandu Bhaskar Rao Jadhav Navyug Muzaffar Ahmed Kudi Arasu Periyar E. V. Ramasamy Sambad Kaumudi Ram Mohan Roy Mirat-ul-Akbar The Statesman Robert Knight Bombay Times Robert Knight & Thomas Bennnet The Indian Sociologist Krishnavarma Tehzeeb-ul-Akhlaq Syed Ahmad Khan Amrita Bazar Patrika Sisir Kumar Ghose and Moti Lal Ghosh Prabuddha Bharata Swami Vivekananda Udbodhan Free Hindustan Tarak Nath Das Native Opinion V.N. Mandlik List of International & National Important Days January Date Day Observed World Day of Peace Jan 1 Global Family Day Jan 6 World Day For War Orphans Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Jan 9 NRI Day Jan 12 National Youth Day (Birth Day of Swami Vivekanand) Jan 14 International Kite Festival - Ahemdabad Jan 15 Army Day Jan 18 National Immunization Day(Polio Day) Jan 19 Idaho Human Rights Day/Martin Luther King Day Jan 21 Meghalaya Day St. Agnes Day World Hug Day Tripura Day 118th Birth Anniversary of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose /National Jan 23 Day of Patriotism / Desh Prem Divas. Jan 24 Rashtriya Balika Diwas/National Girl Child Day World Leprosy Day Himachal Pradesh Day/ Statehood Day Jan 25 National Tourism Day National Voter Day Indian Republic day Jan 26 International Customs Day International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of Jan 27 the Holocaust Jan 28 Data Protection Day Death Anniversary Mahatma Gandhi(Martyrs/Sarvodaya Jan 30 Day),National Cleanliness Day Jan 31 World Leprosy Eradication Day February Date Day Observed Feb 1 Indian Coast Guard Day Feb 2 World Wetlands Day Feb 4 World Cancer Day Feb 5 Kashmir Solidarity Day Feb 6 International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation Feb 7 Rose day Feb 8 World Marriage Day Feb 10 National Deworming Day Feb 11 World Day of the Sick Feb 13 World Radio Day Feb 14 Saint Valentine’s Day Feb 20 World Day of Social Justice Feb 21 International Mother Language Day Feb 22 World Thinking day Feb 23 World Rotary Day Feb 24 Central Excise Day Feb 25 World Sustainable Energy Day Feb 27 International Polar Bear Day National Science Day Feb 28 Rare Disease Day March Date Day Observed Mar 1 Zero Discrimination Day World Wildlife Day Mar 3 International Sex Worker Rights Day National Defence Day National Security Day Mar 4 Bus Day (Bengaluru) World Maths Day Mar 8 International Women's Day Mar 9 Commonwealth Day Mar 10 Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) Raising Day Mar 12 World Kidney Day World Sleep Day Mar 13 World Rotaract Day Mar 14 World Pie day World Consumer Rights Day Mar 15 World Contact Day Mar 18 National Ordinance Factories Day International Day of Happiness Mar 20 World Day of Theatre for Children and Young People World sparrow day International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination World Poetry Day International Day of Nowruz Mar 21 World Down Syndrome Day International Day of Forests Sun-Earth Day Mar 22 World Water Day Mar 23 World Meteorological Day World Tuberculosis Day International Day for the Right to the Truth concerning Gross Human Mar 24 Rights Violations and for the Dignity of Victims International Day for Achievers World TB Day International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade Mar 25 International Day of Solidarity with Detained and Missing Staff Members Mar 26 World Purple day World Theatre Day Mar 27 World Drama day April Date Day Observed Prevention of Blindness Week Apr 1 April Fools' Day Orissa Day World Autism Awareness Day Apr 2 International Children's Book Day International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action Apr 4 World Rat Day International Pillow Fight Day Apr 6 International Day of Sport for Development and Peace International Day of Reflection on the Genocide in Rwanda Apr 7 World Health Day Apr 8 World Romani Day International Day of Human Space Flight Apr 12 World Aviation and Cosmonautics Day Indian Women's Savings Day Apr 14 Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar-Birth Anniversary Apr 16 Emancipation Day International Special Librarians Day - Information Ethics Day Apr 17 World Haemophilia Day Apr 18 World Heritage Day Apr 22 World Earth Day World Book and Copyright Day Apr 23 English Language Day World Day for Animals in Laboratories Apr 24 National Panchayati Day Apr 25 World Malaria Day World Intellectual Property Day Apr 26 Worldwide Pinhole Photography Day Apr 28 World Day for Safety and Health at Work Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare Apr 29 International Dance Day International Guide Dog Day Apr 30 International Jazz Day May Date Day Observed International Labour Day May 1 Maharashtra Day May 2 World Naked Gardening Day World Press Freedom Day May 3 World Laughter Day International Energy Day May 4 International Firefighters' Day International Midwives' Day May 5 World Asthma Day World Red Cross Day May 8 World Thalassaemia Day World Migratory Bird Day May 9 World Fair Trade Day May 10 Mother's Day May 11 National Technology Day May 12 International Nurses Day May 15 International Day of Families World Telecommunication and Information Society Day May 17 World Hypertension Day World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development May 21 Anti Terrorism Day May 22 International Day for Biological Diversity International Day to End Obstetric Fistula May 23 World Turtle Day May 25 World Children’s Missing Day May 29 International Day of UN Peacekeepers May 31 World No-Tobacco Day June Date Day Observed Global Day of Parents June 1 "Vesak", the Day of the Full Moon World Milk Day June 2 International Sex Workers Day June 4 International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression June 5 World Environment Day June 7 Cancer Survivors Day June 8 World Oceans Day June 12 World Day Against Child Labour International Albinism Awareness Day June 13 World Naked Bike Day June 14 World Blood Donor Day June 15 World Elder Abuse Awareness Day World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought June 17 International Criminal Court Day June 20 World Refugee Day International Day of Yoga Father's Day June 21 World Music Day T-Shirt Day Public Service Day June 23 International Widows' Day International Olympic Day June 25 Day of the Seafarer International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking June 26 International Day in Support of Victims of Torture June 29 National Statistics Day July Date Day Observed International Joke Day July 1 National Doctor's Day July 2 World Sports Journalists Day July 4 International Day of Cooperatives(first Saturday in July) World Zoonoses Day July 6 International Kissing Day July 7 Global Forgiveness Day World Population Day July 11 State Bank Foundation Day July 12 World Malala day World Youth Skills Day July 15 Pay Roll Savings Day July 17 International Justice Day July 18 Nelson Mandela International Day July 26 Kargil Vijay Diwas World Hepatitis Day July 28 World Nature conservation day July 29 World Tiger Day International Day of Friendship July 30 World Day against Trafficking in Persons August Date Day Observed Aug 1 World Breastfeeding Day International Forgiveness Day Aug 2 International Friendship Day(1st Sunday) Aug 6 Hiroshima Day Aug 7 National Handloom Day Aug 8 World Cat Day International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples Aug 9 Nagasaki Peace Day Kranti Diwas (Quit India Movement Day) Aug 12 International Youth Day Aug 13 International Lefthanders Day Aug 14 Pakistan Independence Day Aug 15 Indian Independence Day World Humanitarian Day Aug 19 World Photography Day World Mosquito Day Aug 20 Sadbhavana Diwas International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its Aug 23 Abolition Aug 26 Women's Equality Day International Day against Nuclear Tests Aug 29 Telugu Language Day National Sports Day of India Sanskrit Day International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances Aug 30 Small Industry Day September Date Day Observed Sep 2 World Coconut Day International Day of Charity Sep 5 National Teacher’s Day Sep 7 Forgiveness Day Sep 8 International Literacy Day Sep 12 United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation Sep 13 World Chocolate Day Hindi Day Sep 14 World First Aid Day Sep 15 International Day of Democracy Sep 16 International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer Sep 19 International Red Panda Day International Day of Peace Sep 21 World Alzheimer's Day Sep 22 World Car Free Day World Maritime Day Sep 25 Social Justice Day Sep 26 International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons World Tourism Day Sep 27 World Deaf Day National Gunners Day Sep 28 World Rabies Day Sep 29 World Heart Day Sep 30 International Translation Day October Date Day Observed International Day of Older Persons World Vegetarian Day Oct 1 International Music Day - IMC National Voluntary Blood Donation Day International Day of Non-Violence World Farm Animals Day Oct 2 Mahatma Gandhi Jayanti World Smile Day Oct 3 World Nature Day Oct 4 World Animal Day World Teachers’ Day Oct 5 World Habitat Day(first Monday in October) World Architecture Day Oct 8 National Air force Day World Sight Day World Post Day Oct 9 World Egg Day World Mental Health Day Oct 10 National Postal Day Oct 11 International Day of the Girl Child Oct 12 World Arthritis day International Day for Disaster Reduction Oct 13 World Calamity Control Day World Standards Day Oct 14 World Maths Day International Day of Rural Women Oct 15 Global Handwashing Day World White cane day Oct 16 World Food Day Oct 17 Anti Poverty Day International Day for the Eradication of Poverty Oct 20 World Statistics Day World Osteoporosis Day United Nations Day Oct 24 World Development Information Day Indo Tibetan Border Police Raising day Oct 25 World Mother-in-Law's Day Oct 27 World Day for Audiovisual Heritage Oct 30 World Thrift Day World Cities Day Oct 31 World Savings Day Rastriya Ekta Diwas (Sardar Patel) November Date Day Observed World Vegan Day Nov 1 Rajyotsava Day (Karnataka Formation Day) Nov 2 International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists Nov 5 World Radiography day International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Nov 6 Environment in War and Armed Conflict Nov 7 Infant Protection day Nov 8 World services day Legal Service Day Nov 9 World Orphans Day (Second Monday of Nov) World Science Day for Peace and Development Nov 10 Transport Day World Diabetes Day Nov 14 National Children's Day International Girls Day (confidence coalition) Nov 15 World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims Nov 16 International Day for Tolerance World Student day Nov 17 National Journalism day Nov 18 World Adult day World Toilet Day World Philosophy Day World Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Day Nov 19 International Men's Day World Citizen day National Integration Day - India (Indira Gandhi's birthday) Universal Children’s Day Nov 20 World Philosophy Day World Television Day Nov 21 World Hello Day International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women Nov 25 World Non Veg Prevention Day Nov 26 National Law Day Nov 29 International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People Nov 30 Flag Day December Date Day Observed Dec 1 World AIDS Day International Day for the Abolition of Slavery Dec 2 World Pollution Prevention Day World Computer literacy day International Day of Persons with Disabilities Dec 3 World Disabled Day Dec 4 Indian Navy Day International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development Dec 5 World Soil Day Dec 6 Orange Festival(Poland) International Civil Aviation Day Dec 7 World Choral Day National Armed Forces Flag Day International Day of Commemoration and Dignity of the Victims of the Crime of Genocide and of the Prevention of this Crime Dec 9 International Anti-Corruption Day Balika Divas Dec 10 Human Rights Day Dec 11 International Mountain Day Dec 14 National Energy Conservation Day Dec 15 International Tea Day Dec 17 International Day Against Violence Against Sex Workers International Migrants Day Dec 18 National Minority Rights Day Dec 19 Goa’s Libration Day Dec 20 International Human Solidarity Day Kisan Divas (Ch. Charan Singh's Birth Anniversary) Dec 23 (Farmer's Day) Dec 26 CRPF foundation day Dec 29 International Bio-diversity day List of Inventions and Discoveries Invention Inventor Year Country Acetylene Gas Edmund Davy 1836 England Adding Machine Pascal 1642 France Adhesive Tape, Scotch Richard Drew 1930 USA Aeroplane Orville & Wilbur Wright 1903 USA Aeroplane, Jet Engine Hans von Ohain 1939 Germany Aerosol Spray Erik Rotheim 1926 Norway Air Conditioning Carrier 1902 USA Airship(Non-rigid) Henri Giffard 1852 France Artificial heart William Kolff 1957 Netherlands Atomic Numbers Moseley 1913 Britain Atomic Theory Dalton 1803 Britain Atomic Bomb J Robert Oppenheimer 1945 USA Automatic Rifle John Browning 1918 USA Bakelite Leo H Baekeland 1907 Belgium Jacques & Joseph Balloon 1783 France Montgolfier Ballpoint Pen John J loud 1888 USA Ballistic Missile Wernher von Braun 1944 Germany Barometer Evangelista Torricelli 1644 Italy Battery(Electric) Alessandro Volta 1800 Italy Bifocal Lens Benjamin Franklin 1780 USA 1839- Bicycle Kirkpatrick Macmillan Britain 40 Bicycle tyres John Boyd Dunlop 1888 Britain (Pneumatic) Bleaching Powder Tennant 1798 Britain Burglar Alarms Edwin T. Holmes 1858 USA Bunsen Burner Robert Wilhelm Bunsen 1855 Germany Car(Steam) Nicolas Cugnot 1769 France Car(Petrol) Karl Benz 1888 Germany Carburetor Gottlieb Daimler 1876 Germany Canned Vood Nicolas Appert 1804 France Calculus Isaac Newton 1670 Britain Camera, Kodak Walker Eastman 1888 USA Cassette Videotape Sony 1969 Japan Cassette, Audio Philips company 1963 Holland Celluloid Alexander Parkes 1861 Britain Cement (Portland) Joseph Aspdin 1824 Britain Chronometer John Harrison 1735 Britain Chemotherapy Ehrlich 1909 Germany Cinema Nicolas and Jean Lumiere 1895 France Clock (Mechanical) I Hsing & Liang Ling Tsan 1725 China Cloning, Mammal Ian Wilmut's 1996 UK Herbert W. Boyer, Stanley N. Cloning, DNA 1973 USA Cohen, and Paul Berg Japan, Compact Disc player Sony, Philips co 1979 Netherlands Compact Disc RCA 1972 USA Crossword puzzle Arthur Wynne 1913 USA CT Scan Godfrey Hounsfield 1973 Britain Disc, Video Phillips company 1972 Holland Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel 1895 Germany Disc Brakes Dr. F Lanchester 1902 Britain Electroplating Luigi Brugnatelli 1805 Italy Electromagnet William Sturgeon 1824 Britain Electron Thomson J 1897 Britain Electronic Computer Dr Alan M turning 1824 Britain Electric Flat iron H.W. Seeley 1882 USA Electric Iron Henry W.Seely 1882 USA Electric Lamp Thomas Alva Edison 1879 USA Electric Motor (AC) Nikola Tesla 1888 USA Electric Motor (DC) Zenobe Gramme 1873 Belgium Electric Washing Alva J Fisher 1906 USA machine Facsimile Machine Alexander Bain 1843 Britain Film (Talking) J. Engl, J.Mussolle & H Vogt 1922 Germany Film (Moving Outlines) Louise Prince 1885 France Fibre-Optics Narinder Singh Kapany 1955 Britain Film (Musical Sound) Dr Le de forest 1923 USA Floppy Disk IBM 1970 USA Fountain Pen Lewis E. Waterman 1884 USA Frequency Modulation EH Armstrong 1933 USA Frisbee Walter Frederick Morrison 1948 USA Galvanometer Andre-Marie Ampere 1834 France Glider Sir George Cayley 1853 Britain Gramophone Thomas Alva Edison 1878 USA Holography Dennis Gabor 1947 Britain Hydrogen bomb Edward Teller 1952 USA Intelligence testing Alfred Binet 1905 France Jet engine Sir Frank Whittle 1937 Britain Laser Theodore Maiman 1960 USA Lift (Mechanical) Elisha G Otis 1852 USA Lightning Conductor Benjamin Franklin 1752 USA Logarithms John Napier 1614 Britain Loom, Power Edmund Cartwright 1785 Britain Machine Gun Richard Jordan Gatling 1718 Britain Microphone Alexander Graham Bell 1876 USA Robert Noyce & Gordon Microprocessor 1971 USA Moore Microwave Oven Percy LeBaron Spencer 1947 USA Movie Projector Thomas Alva Edison 1593 USA Microscope Z.Janssen 1590 Netherlands Microscopes, Elect Ernst Ruska, Max Knoll 1931 Germany Motorcycle Gottlieb Daimler 1885 Germany MRI Raymond Damadian 1971 USA Neutron James Chadwick, 1932 Britain Neon lamp George Claude 1910 France Neutron bomb Samuel Cohan 1958 USA Nylon Dr Wallace H Carothers 1937 USA Optical fiber Narinder Singh Kapany 1955 Germany Pasteurization Lewis Pasteur 1867 France Periodic Table Mendeleyev 1869 Russia Photocopier Chester Carlson 1938 USA Photo Film, Celluloid Reichenbach 1893 USA Photo Film, George Eastman 1884 USA Transparent Photography (on Film) John Carbutt 1888 USA Photography (on Metal) J.N. Niepce 1826 France Photography (on W.H. Fox Talbot 1835 Britain Paper) Photoelectric cell Julius Elster, Hans F Geitel 1893 Germany Piano Cristofori 1709 Italy Pistol, revolver Samuel Colt 1836 USA Kennedy, Plutonium fission 1940 USA whal,Seaborg,Segre Pop-up toaster Charles Strite 1927 USA Printing (rotary) Richard Hoe 1846 USA Printing (Web) William Bullock 1865 USA Proton Rutherford 1919 New Zealand Printing press Johann Gutenberg 1455 Germany Quantum theory Max Planck 1900 Germany Radar AH Taylor and Leo C Young 1922 USA Radio Telegraphy G Marconi 1901 Italy (Trans Atlantic) Radiocarbon Dating Willard Libby 1947 USA Radio Telegraphy Dr Mohlon Loomis 1864 USA Rayon Sir Joseph Swan 1883 Britain Razor (Electric) Col Jacob Schick 1931 USA Razor (Safety) King C Gillette 1895 USA James Harrison, Alexandre Refrigerator 1850 USA catlin Relativity Theory Einstein 1905 Germany Rubber (Vulcanised) Charles Goodyear 1841 USA Rubber (Latex foam) Dunlop Rubber Co. 1928 Britain Rubber (Tyres) Thomas Hancock 1846 Britain Rubber (Waterproof) Charles Macintosh 1823 Britain Safety Pin Walter Hunt 1849 USA Safety Razor King camp Gillette 1903 USA Self-Starter Charles F Kettering 1911 USA Seatbelt Volvo engineer Nils Bohlin 1959 Sweden Ship (Steam) IC Perier 1775 France Ship (Turbine) Hon Sir C Parson 1894 Britain Slide Rule William Oughtred 1621 Britain Spinning Frame Sir Richard Arkwright 1769 Britain Spinning Jenny James Hargreaves 1764 Britain Spinning Mule Samuel Crompton 1779 Britain Skyscraper W Le Baron Jenny 1882 USA Steam Engine Thomas Savery 1698 Britain Steam Engine(Piston) Thomas Newcomen 1712 Britain Steam James Watt 1765 Britain Engine(Condenser) Steel(Stainless) Harry Brealey 1913 Britain Stethoscope Laennec 1819 French Submarine David Bushnell 1776 USA Super Computer J.H Van Tassel 1976 USA Synthesiser Moog 1964 USA Telegraph code Samuel FB Morse 1837 USA Telephone, cellular Bell Labs 1947 USA Telephone (perfected) Alexander Graham Bell 1876 USA Television (electronic) P.T Farnsworth 1927 USA Tank Sir Emest D Swington 1914 Britain Tape Recorder Fessenden Poulsen 1899 Denmark Telescope Hans Lippershey 1608 Netherlands Telegraph M Lammond 1787 France Television (mechanical) John Logie Baird 1926 Britain Television, Colour John Logie Baird 1928 Britain Transformer Michael Faraday 1831 Britain Transistor Bardeen, Shockley & Brattain 1948 USA Uranium fission, atomic Szilard Fermi 1942 USA reactor Vacuum cleaner Spangler 1907 USA Velcro(hook-and-loop- Geprges de Mestral 1948 Switzerland fastner) Videotape Charles Ginsberg 1956 USA Washing machine(elec) Hurley Machine co 1907 USA Watch Bartholomew Manfredi 1462 Italy Welder (electric) Elisha Thomson 1877 USA Wireless (telegraph G Marconi 1896 Italy the) X-ray W.K Roentgen 1895 Geremany Zip Fastener W.L Judson 1891 USA List of Malayalam literary awards Jnanapeedam Award Year Recipient Work(s) 1965 G. Sankara Kurup Odakkuzhal 1980 S. K. Pottekkatt Oru Desathinte Katha 1984 Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai Kayar 1995 M. T. Vasudevan Nair Overall Contribution 2007 O. N. V. Kurup Overall Contribution Moorthidevi Award from Kerala Year Name 2009 Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri 2013 C. Radhakrishnan 2016 M. P. Veerendra Kumar Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards for Novels Year Name of Book Name of Author 1993 Ohari K. L. Mohana Verma 1994 Mavelimannan K. J. Baby 1995 Sufi Paranja Katha K. P. Ramanunni 1996 Vridhasadanam T. V. Kochubava 1997 Janithakam M. Sukumaran 1998 Innalathe Mazha M. Sukumaran 1999 Kocherathethi Narayan 2000 Athmavinu sariyennu Thonnunna Karyangal C. V. Balakrishnan 2001 Alahayude Penmakkal Sara Joseph 2002 Aghorasivam U. A. Khader 2003 Vadakkuninnoru Kudumbavrithantham Akbar Kakkattil 2004 Lanthan Batheriyile Luthiniyakal N. S. Madhavan 2005 Kannadiyile Mazha Jose Panachippuram 2006 Kalapangalkkoru Grihapadam Babu Bharadwaj 2007 Pathira Vankara K. Reghunathan 2008 Chavoli P. A. Uthaman 2009 Aadujeevitham Benyamin 2010 Barsa Khadeeja Mumthaz 2011 Manushyanu Oramukham Subhash Chandran 2012 Andhakaranazhi E. Santhoshkumar 2013 Aarachaar K. R. Meera 2014 KTN Kotoor Ezhuthum Jeevithavum T. P. Rajeevan 2015 Thakshankunnu Swaroopam U. K. Kumaran 2016 Sugandhi Enna Andal Devanayaki T. D. Ramakrishnan Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards for Short Stories Year Name of Book Name of Author 1966 Naalalu Naaluvazhi Parappurathu 1967 Achingayum Kochuramanum E. M. Kovur 1968 Thanuppu Madhavikutty 1969 Mothiram Karur Neelakanda Pillai 1970 Presidentinte Adyathe Maranam N. P. Muhammed 1971 Jalam K. P. Nirmal Kumar 1972 Payasam Tatapuram Sukumaran 1973 Muni Pattathuvila Karunakaran 1974 Sakshi T. Padmanabhan 1975 Malamukalile Abdullah Punathil Kunjabdullah 1976 Marichittillathavarude Smarakam M. Sukumaran 1977 Sakunam Kovilan 1978 Pediswapnangal Sethu 1979 Oridathu Zacharia 1980 Aswathamavinte Chiri Kakkanadan 1981 Veedum Thadavum Anand 1982 Neeruravakalkku Oru Geetham G. N. Panicker 1983 Vasthuhara C. V. Sreeraman 1984 Thrikkottur Peruma U. A. Khader 1985 Hridayavathiyaya Penkutty M. Mukundan 1986 Swargam Thurakkunna Samayam M. T. Vasudevan Nair 1987 Puzha Vettur Raman Nair 1988 Dinosarinte Kutty E. Harikumar 1989 Noolpalam Kadakkunnavar Vaishakhan 1990 Bhoomiputhrante Vazhi S. V. Venugopalan Nair 1991 Kulambocha Jayanarayanan 1992 Veeduvittu Pokunnu K. V. Ashta Murthy 1993 Manjilapakshi Maanasi 1994 Samantharangal Shatrughnan 1995 Higuita N. S. Madhavan 1996 Rathrimozhi N. Prabhakaran 1997 Aswasathinte Manthra Charadu Mundoor Krishnan Kutty 1998 Oru Rathrikkoru Pakal Asokan Charuvil 1999 Reindeer Chandramathi 2000 Randu Swapna Darshikal Gracy 2001 Khadikaarangal Nilaykkunna Samayam Subhash Chandran 2002 Karkkidakathile Kokkukal K. V. Sebastian 2003 Jalasandhi P. Surendran 2004 Jagarooka A. S. Priya 2005 Thaapam T. N. Prakash 2006 Chavoli E. Santhosh Kumar 2007 Selected Stories Shihabudeen Poythumkara 2008 Komala Santhosh Echikkanam 2009 Aave Maria K. R. Meera 2010 Parasya Sareeram E. P. Sreekumar 2011 Polisukarante Penmakkal U.K. Kumaran 2012 Peramaram Sathishbabu Payyannur 2013 Marichavar Cinema Kaanukayanu Thomas Joseph 2014 Bhavana Bhedhanam V. R. Sudheesh 2015 Ashithayude Kathakal Ashitha 2016 Adam S. Hareesh Vayalar Ramavarma Award Year Name of Book Author 1977 Agnisakshi Lalithambika Antharjanam 1978 Ini jnan Urangatte P. K. Balakrishnan 1979 Yanthram Malayattoor Ramakrishnan 1980 Kayar Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai 1981 Makarakoithu Vailoppilli Sreedhara Menon 1982 Uppu O. N. V. Kurup 1983 Avakasikal M. K. Menon (Vilasini) 1984 Ambalamani Sugathakumari 1985 Randamoozham M. T. Vasudevan Nair 1986 Sabhalameeyathra N. N. Kakkadu 1987 Prathipathram Bhashanabhedam Prof. N. Krishna Pillai 1988 Thirunellur Karunakarante Kavithakal Thirunellur Karunakaran 1989 Thathwamasi Sukumar Azhikkod 1990 Munpe Parakkunna Pakshikal C. Radhakrishnan 1991 Gurusagaram O. V. Vijayan Changambuzha-Nakshathrangalude 1992 Prof. M. K. Sanu Snehabhajanam 1993 Marubhoomikal Undakunnathu Anand 1994 Guru K.Surendran 1995 Arangau Kanatha Nadan Thikkodiyan 1996 Oru Sangheerthanam Pole Perumbadavam Sridharan 1997 Neermathalam Pootha Kalam Madhavikutty 1998 Srishtiyum Srashtavum S.Guptan Nair 1999 Thattakam Kovilan 2000 Puzha Kadannu Marangalude Idayilekku T.Padmanabhan 2001 Devaspandanam M. V. Devan 2002 Ayyappapanickerude Krithikal Dr. K. Ayyappapanicker 2003 Kesavante Vilapangal M. Mukundan 2004 Alahayude Penmakkal Sara Joseph 2005 Sakshyangal K. Sachidanadan 2006 Adayalangal Sethu 2007 Appuvinte Anweshanam M. Leelavathy 2008 Haimavathabhuvil M. P. Veerendrakumar 2009 Marar Lavanyabhavathinte Yukthi Silpam Thomas Mathew Vishnu Narayanan 2010 Charulatha Namboodiri 2011 Jeevithathinte Pusthakam K. P. Ramanunni 2012 Anthimahakalam A Achuthan Namboothiri 2013 Shyamamadhavam Prabha Varma 2014 Aarachaar K. R. Meera 2015 Manushyanu Oru Aamukham Subhash Chandran 2016 Thakshankunnu Swaroopam U. K. Kumaran 2017 Sugandhi Enna Andal Devanayaki T. D. Ramakrishnan Vallathol Award Year Name 1991 Pala Narayanan Nair 1992 Sooranadu Kunhan Pillai 1993 Balamaniyamma, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer 1994 Ponkunnam Varkey 1995 M. P. Appan 1996 Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai 1997 Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri 1998 Dr. K. M. George 1999 S. Guptan Nair 2000 P. Bhaskaran 2001 T. Padmanabhan 2002 Dr. M. Leelavathy 2003 Sugathakumari 2004 K. Ayyappapanicker 2005 M. T. Vasudevan Nair 2006 O. N. V. Kurup 2007 Sukumar Azhikode 2008 Puthussery Ramachandran 2009 Kavalam Narayana Panicker 2010 Vishnu Narayanan Namboodiri 2011 C. Radhakrishnan 2012 Yusuf Ali Kechery 2013 Perumbadavam Sreedharan 2014 P. Narayana Kurup 2015 Anand 2016 Sreekumaran Thampi 2017 Prabha Varma Ezhuthachan Award Year Name 1993 Sooranadu Kunhan Pillai 1994 Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai 1995 Balamaniamma 1996 Dr. K. M. George 1997 Ponkunnam Varkey 1998 M. P. Appan 1999 K. P. Narayana Pisharadi 2000 Pala Narayanan Nair 2001 O. V. Vijayan 2002 Kamala Surayya (Madhavikkutty) 2003 T. Padmanabhan 2004 Sukumar Azhikkode 2005 S. Gupthan Nair 2006 V. V. Ayyappan (Kovilan) 2007 O. N. V. Kurup 2008 Akkitham Achuthanandan Namboodiri 2009 Sugathakumari 2010 M. Leelavathi 2011 M. T. Vasudevan Nair 2012 Attoor Ravi Varma 2013 M. K. Sanu 2014 Vishnu Narayanan Namboodiri 2015 Dr. Puthussery Ramachandran 2016 C. Radhakrishnan 2017 K. Sachidanandan Kendra Sahitya Academy Awards (Malayalam) Year Name Book 1955 R. Narayanappanikkar Bhashacharitram 1956 I. C. Chacko Paananeeya Pradyoditham 1957 Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai Chemmeen 1958 K. P. Kesava Menon Kazhinjakalam 1960 P. C. Kuttikrishnan Sundarikalum Sundaranmarum 1963 G. Sankara Kurup Viswadarshanam 1964 P. Kesava Dev Ayalkkar 1965 Balamaniamma Muthassi 1966 Kuttikrishna Marar Kala Jeevitham Thanne 1967 P. Kunhiraman Nair Thamarathoni 1969 Idasseri Govindan Nair Kavile Pattu 1970 M. T. Vasudevan Nair 1971 V Sreedhara Menon Vida 1972 S. K. Pottakkad Oru Desathinte Kadha 1973 A Achuthan Namboothiri Balidarsanam 1974 Vennikkulam Gopala Kurup Kaamasurabhi 1975 O. N. V. Kurup Aksharam 1976 Cherukaadu Jeevithapatha 1977 Lalithambika Antharjanam Agnisaakshi 1978 Sugathakumari Raatrimazha 1979 N. V. Krishna Warrier Vallatholinte Kavyasilpam 1980 Dr. Punathil Kunjabdulla Smarakasilakal 1981 Vilasini Avakasikal 1982 V. K. N Payyankathakal 1983 Prof. S. Guptan Nair Theranjedutha Prabandhangal 1984 Dr. K. Ayyappa Panikkar Ayyappapanikkarude Kavithakal 1985 Dr. Sukumar Azhikkod Thathwamasi 1985 Kamaladas Theranjedutha Kavithakal (Eng.) 1986 Dr. M. Leelavathi Kavithadhwani 1987 Prof. N. Krishna Pillai Prathipaathram Bhashana Bhedam 1988 C. Radhakrishnan Spandamapinikale Nandi 1989 Olappamanna Nizhalana 1990 O. V. Vijayan Gurusaagaram 1991 M. P. Sankunni Nair Chathravum Chamaravum 1992 M. Mukundan Daivathinte Vikrithikal 1993 N. P. Muhammad Daivathinte Kannu 1994 Vishnu Narayanan Namboodiri Raappakalukal 1995 Thikkodiyan Arangukanaatha Nadan 1996 T. Padmanabhan Gowri 1997 Anand Govardhanante Yaathrakal 1998 Kovilan Thattakam 1999 C. V. Sreeraman Sreeramante Kadhakal 2000 R. Ramachandran R. Ramachandrante Kavithakal 2001 Attoor Ravi Varma Attoor Ravi Varmayude Kavithakal 2002 K. G. Sankara Pillai K.G. Sankara Pillayude Kavitakal (Poems) 2003 Sara Joseph Alahayude Penmakkal (Novel) 2004 Paul Zachariah Zachariyayute Kathakal (Short Stories) 2005 G. V. Kakkanadan Jappana Pukayila (Short Stories) 2006 M. Sukumaran Chuvanna Chinnangal (Short Stories) 2007 Sethu (A. Sethumadhavan) Adayalangal (Novel) 2008 K. P. Appan (posthumously) Madhuram Ninte Jeevitham 2009 U. A. Khader Thrikottoor Peruma 2010 M. P. Veerendra Kumar Haimavatha Bhoovil 2011 M. K. Sanu Ekanthaveedhiyile Avadhuthan (Biography) 2012 K. Satchidanandan Marannu Vecha Vasthukkal (Poems) 2013 M. N. Paloor Kadhayillathavante Kadha (Autobiography) 2014 Subhash Chandran Manushyanu Oru Aamukham (Novel) 2015 K. R. Meera Aarachar (Novel) 2016 Prabha Varma Shyamamadhavam (Poetry) 2017 K. P. Ramanunni Daivathinte Pusthakam P. Kunhiraman Nair Award Year Recipient Work(s) 1997 K. Satchidanandan Malayalam 1998 Prabha Varma Chandana Nazhi 1999 Puthussery Ramachandran Utsava Bali 2000 Desamangalam Ramakrishnan Maravi Ezhuthunnathu 2001 Vijayalakshmi Mazhathan Mattetho Mukham 2002 O. N. V. Kurup Ee Purathana Kinnaram 2003 D. Vinayachandran Samasthakeralam P. O. 2004 Chemmanam Chacko Ottayal Pattalam 2005 Attoor Ravi Varma Attoor Ravi Varmayude Kavithakal – Bhaagam 2 2006 K. Ayyappa Paniker K. Ayyappa Panikerude Kavithakal 2007 Sugathakumari Manalezhuthu 2008 Vishnunarayanan Namboothiri Uttarayanam 2009 P. K. Gopi Sushumnayile Sangeetham 2010 Ettumanoor Somadasan Jalasamadhi 2011 C. Radhakrishnan NA 2012 Attoor Ravi Varma NA 2013 P. P. Ramachandran Katte Kadale Basheer Award Year Recipient Work(s) 2008 N. Prabhakaran Thiranhedutha Kathakal (Stories) 2009 Rafeeq Ahammed Aalmara (Poetry) 2010 Sarah Joseph Ooru Kaaval (Novel) 2011 B. Rajeevan Vakkukalum Vasthukkalum (Criticism) 2012 N. S. Madhavan Ente Priyapetta Kathakal (Stories) 2013 Attoor Ravi Varma Attoor Kavithakal (Poetry) 2014 Subhash Chandran Manushyanu Oru Aamukham (Novel) 2015 Kalpatta Narayanan Kavithayude Jeevacharithram (Criticism) 2016 Ashitha Ashithayude Kathakal (Short stories) 2017 Sebastian Prethi Shareeram (Poetry) 2018 V. J. James Nireeshwaran (Novel) Kerala PSC - List of Joint Military Exercises of India 2019 Name of Exercise Participating Nations Conducted at 'Exercise-SINDU Indian Army Pokharan, Rajasthan SUDARSHAN-VII' KAZIND-2019 India and Kazakhstan Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand Dharma Guardian India and Japan Mizoram Rajashtan 'Exercise Shakti-2019' India and France 2nd Edition of Samudra India and Indonesia Bay of Bengal Shakti Combat Exercise ‘Him India and China Arunachal Pradesh Vijay’ Nomadic Elephant-XIV India and Mangolia Bakloh Visakhapatnam and “Tiger Triumph” 2019 India and the United States Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh ‘Chang Thang’ 2019 India and China Eastern Ladakh, China SITMEX 2019 India, Thailand and Singapore Port Blair Ekuverin 2019 India and Maldives Pune, Maharashtra Yudh Abhyas 2019 India and the US Washington MAITREE-2019 India and Thailand Meghalaya MALABAR Exercise India, Japan and the USA Japan 2019 Indo-Thai CORPAT 2019 India and Thailand Thailand KAZIND-2019 India and Kazakhstan Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand Yudh Abhyas – 2019 India and United States Washington, US China, Tajikistan, India, "TSENTR 2019" Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia Pakistan and Uzbekistan Will conducted in december "Hand in Hand" India and China 2019 at Umroi, Meghalaya Warfare Exercise Andaman Island in the Bay India "IndSpaceEx" of Bengal Garuda-VI 2019 Indian Army and French Army Mont de Marsan in France Indian Army and Royal Oman Jabel AI Akhdar training AL NAGAH III 2019 Army camp, Oman Indo-Bangladesh Military SAMPRITI - 2019 Tangail, Bangladesh Exercise INDIA AFRICA FIELD Aundh Military Station and India and Africa Military TRAINING EXERCISE College of Military Exercise (IAFTX)- 2019 Engineering, Pune Babina Military Station in India and Singapore Military Bold Kurukshetra 2019 Jhansi district of Uttar Exercise Pradesh. SIMBEX 2019 Naval India, Singapore Naval South China Sea. Exercises Exercise Varuna 2019 India-France Naval Exercise Goa Coast AUSINDEX 2019 India and Australia Vishakhapatnam Chandimandir Military IMBEX 2018-19 India and Myanmar Station Disaster Control India and Japan Yokohama in Japan Exercise Indian Border Security Force Mainamati Maitree (BSF) and Border Guards Sipahijala, Bangladesh Exercise 2019 Bangladesh (BGB) Mitra Shakti VI India- Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 2018 Name of Exercise Participating Nations Conducted at VINBAX 1 India - Vietnam Jabalpur ,Madhya Pradesh India – United Vajra Prahar Joint base Lewis mc chord, Seattle Us States of America Shakrti - IV India - France Mailly be camp, France Lamitye VIII India - Seychelles Mahe, Seychelles Khanjar V India - Krygyzstan VAIRENGTE INDIA Harimau Shakti India - Malaysia Hulu Langat, Malaysia Surya Kiran XIII India - Nepal Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand Maitree India - Thailand Chachoengsao Thailand KAZIND 2018 India – Kazakhstan Otar Region, Kazakhstan Yudh Abhyas 2018 India – United Chaubattia, Uttarakhand states Nomadic Elephant India – Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 2018 Dharma Guardian India – Japan Vairengte(Mizoram) Indra 2018 India – Russia Jhansi, UP Vajra Prahar India – USA Bikaner, Rajasthan Hand in Hand India - China Chengdu, China INDRA NAVY India - Russia Visakhapatnam coast, Andhra Pradesh maritime Konkan 18 Naval India- United Goa Exercise Kingdom Samudra Shakti India- Indonesia Surabaya, Indonesia INDO CORPAT India- Indonesia Indonesia JIMEX-18 India- Japan Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh SLINEX-2018 India and Sri Lanka Trincomalee, Sri Lanka Mainamati Maitree Srimantapur in Sipahijala district, Indian BSF and BGB Exercise 2019 bordering Comilla district in Bangladesh. MALABAR Naval Japan India U.S Guam (pacific ocean ) Exercise Sahyog HOP TAC India-Vietnam Bay of Bengal 2018 Naval Exercise Sea Vigil Naval Indian Navy and Kochi Exercise Coast Guard List of Nicknames of Eminent Persons Photo Person Nickname Benito Mussolini 2nd Duce Dr. Rajendra Prasad Ajatshatru Zainul Abdin Akbar of Kashmir Tanguturi Prakasam Andhra Kesari C.N. Annadurai Anna Jagjeevan Ram Babuji Sheikh Mujibul Rahman Bangabandhu Mahatma Gandhi Bapu William Shakespeare Bard of Avon Ashutosh Mukherji Bengal Kesari Dr. Srikrishna Singh Bihar Kesari Dr. Anugrah Narayan Singh Bihar Vibhuti Jawaharlal Nehru Chacha C.F. Andrews Deenbandhu Gen Ervin Rommel Desert Fox Dr. Rajendra Prasad Desh Ratna Chitta Ranjan Das Deshbandhu Yatindra Mohan Sengupta Deshpriya Geoffrey Chaucer Father of English Poetry Ravi Shankar Maharaj Father of Gujarat Mahatma Gandhi Father of the Nation Khan Abdul Gaffer Khan Frontier Gandhi, Bad shah Khan Adolf Hitler Fuehrer George Bernard Shaw G.B.S William E. Gladstone Grand Old man of Britain Dadabhai Naoroji Grand Old man of India Dhundiraj Govind Phalke Grandfather of Indian Films Rabindranath Tagore Gurudev M.S. Golvalkar Guruji Kapil Dev Haryana Hurricane Karpuri Thakur Jana Nayak Rabindranath Tagore Kaviguru Earl of Warwick King Maker Sayyed Bandhu King Maker of Indian History K.V. Puttappa Kuvempu Florence Nightingale Lady with the lamp Napoleon Bonaparte Little Corporal Sunil Gavaskar Little Master Bal Gangadhar Tilak Lokmanya Jayaprakash Narayan Loknayak Chanakya Machiavelli of India Dhyan Chand Magician of Hockey Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya Mahamana Joan of Arc Maid of Orleans Queen Elizabeth I Maiden Queen Otto Van Bismarck Man of Blood and Iron Napoleon Bonaparte Man of Destiny Lal Bahadur Shastri Man of Peace Raja Ram Mohan Roy Morning Star of India Renaissance Mother Teresa Mother Samudra Gupta Napoleon of India Subhash Chandra Bose Netaji Sarojini Naidu Nightingale of India Lala Lajpat Rai Punjab Kesari Md. Ali Jinnah Quaid-i-Azam Chakravarti Rajagopalachari Rajaji/C.R. Purushottam Das Tandon Rajarshee Bhagat Singh Sahid-e-Azam Vallabhbhai Patel Sardar Mahakavi Kalidas Shakespeare of India Sheikh Abdullah Sher-e-Kashmir Major General Rajinder Singh Sparrow Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Strong (Iron) Man of India Lata Mangeshkar Swar Kokila Amir Khushro Tota-e-Hind Ho Chi Min Uncle Ho Rabindranath Tagore Vishwa Kavi Chandra Shekhar Young Turk PSC - List of Nicknames of Indian Cities Name of the City Nicknames State 1. City of Taj Agra Uttar Pradesh 2. Petha Nagari 1. Boston of India Ahmedabad Gujarat 2. Manchester of India Amritsar Golden City of India Punjab Asansol Land of Black Diamond West Bengal Auroville City of Dawn Pondicherry Alappuzha Venice of the East Kerala 1. Electronic City of India 2. Garden City of India 3. IT Capital of India Bengaluru Karnataka 4. Science City of India 5. Silicon Valley of India 6. Space City Bhagalpur The Silk City of India Bihar Bhopal City of Lakes Madhya Pradesh 1. City of Prawns Bhimavaram Andhra Pradesh 2. Second Bardoli of India Bhubaneswar Temple City of India Odisha Bardoli Butter City Gujarat Bhilai Steel City of India Chhattisgarh Chandigarh The City Beautiful Chandigarh 1. Auto Hub of India 2. Detroit of Asia 3. Gateway of South India Chennai Tamil Nadu 4. Health Capital of India 5. Banking Capital of India 6. Motor city of India 1. Textile City of India 2. Manchester of South India Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 3. Capital of Kongunadu 4. Engineering City of India Coorg Scotland of India Karnataka Cuttack Silver City Odisha Darjeeling Queen of the Hills West Bengal Dhanbad The Coal Capital of India Jharkhand Dibrugarh Tea city of India Assam Dispur City of Temples Assam Durgapur Rur of India West Bengal Dharmavaram Silk City of Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Gandhinagar Green City Gujarat 1. City of Chillies Guntur Andhra Pradesh 2. City of Spices Guwahati Gateway of North East India Assam Gurgaon Millennium City Haryana 1. City of Pearls 2. City of Nizams Hyderabad 3. Hightech City Telangana 4. World Capital of Biryani 5. Bangle City Indore Mini Mumbai Madhya Pradesh Ichalkaranji Manchester of Maharashtra Maharashtra Itanagar Land of Rising Sun Arunachal Pradesh 1. City of Palaces Jaipur 2. Paris of India Rajasthan 3. Pink City Jaisalmer Golden City of India Rajasthan 1. Pittsburgh of India Jamshedpur Jharkhand 2. Steel City of India 1. Blue City Jodhpur Rajasthan 2. Sun City Jagdalpur Tourism capital of Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh 1. City of Kaja Kakinada Andhra Pradesh 2. Pensioners Paradise 1. Leather city of the world Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 2. Manchester of North India Jammu and Kashmir Switzerland of India Kashmir 1. Gateway to Kerala Kochi 2. Queen of the Arabian Sea Kerala 3. Garden of Spices 1. City of Joy 2. City of Palaces Kolkata West Bengal 3. Cultural Capital of India 4. Gateway of Eastern India 5. Heaven of the Aged 6. City of Castles 7. City of Buildings Kolhapur City of Wrestlers Maharashtra 1. Cashew Capital of the world Kollam 2. Gateway to Backwaters Kerala 3. Prince of Arabian Sea Korba Power Hub of India Chhattisgarh Kanker Gateway of Bastar Chhattisgarh Kozhikode City of Spices Kerala 1. City of Letters(Aksharanagiri) 2. City of Murals Kottayam Kerala 3. City of Latex 4. City of Lakes 1. Land of Palm Trees Kasaragod Kerala 2. Rice bowl of Kerala 1. City of Nawabs 2. Constantinople of the East Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 3. Shraz-e-Hind 4. The Golden City of India 1. Athens of the East 2. City of Festivals Madurai 3. City of four junctions Tamil Nadu 4. Sleepless City 5. Temple city Malda Mango city West Bengal 1. Cradle of Indian Banking Mangalore 2. Gateway of Karnataka Karnataka 3. Rome of the east Muzzaffarpur Lychee City Bihar 1. Sports Capital of India Meerut Uttar Pradesh 2. Scissor City Madanapalli Andhra Ooty Andhra Pradesh 1. City of Dreams 2. City of seven Islands 3. Financial Capital of India Mumbai 4. Gateway of India Maharashtra 5. Hollywood of India 6. Maximum city 7. Maya Nagari Mundi Power Hub city Madhya Pradesh 1. Queen of the Mountains Mussoorie Uttarakhand 2. Hill Queen city 1. Green city Mysore 2. Heritage City Karnataka 3. Sandal Wood city Nagpur Orange City Maharashtra Nainital City of Lakes Uttarakhand 1. California of India Nasik 2. Grape city of India Maharashtra 3. Wine capital of India New Delhi City of Rallies Delhi Nilgiri Blue Mountains Tamil Nadu Namakkal Egg city Tamil Nadu Noida IT Capital of NCR Tamil Nadu Nalanda Land of Knowledge Bihar Patiala Royal City Punjab 1. City of Handloom Panipat Haryana 2. City of Weaers 1. City of Diamonds Palanpur Gujarat 2. Flower city Pondicherry City of the East Puducherry 1. Abode of the God Prayagraj 2. City of Prime Ministers Uttar Pradesh 3. Sangam City Pune Queen of Deccan Maharashtra Piduguralla Lime city Andhra Pradesh Purulia Manbhum City West Bengal Rajahmundry Cultural city Andhra Pradesh 1. City of Sages Rishikesh Uttrakhand 2. Yoga City 1. City of Hospitality Siliguri West Bengal 2. Gateway to the doors Shillong Scotland of East Meghalaya Jammu and Srinagar City of Lakes Kashmir 1. City of Diamonds Surat 2. Diamond city of India Gujarat 3. Textile City of India Tenali Andhra Paris Andhra Pradesh Tezpur City of Blood Assam Thane City of Lakes Maharashtra 1. Rock Fort City Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu 2. Tucker Trichy 1. City of Paddy fields Tirunelveli 2. Halwa city of India Tamil Nadu 3. Oxford city of South India 1. Pearl City Tuticorin Tamil Nadu 2. Pearl Harbor of India 1. City of Statues Trivandrum Kerala 2. Evergreen City of India 1. Spiritual Capital of India Tirupati 2. Spiritual Capital of Andhra Andhra Pradesh Pradesh 1. The Cultural Capital of Kerala 2. Land of Poorams Thrissur Kerala 3. The Land of Vadakkumnathan 4. Gold Capital of India 1. City of Lakes Udaipur 2. Venice of the East Rajasthan 3. White City Ujjain City of Temples Madhya Pradesh 1. Banyan City 2. Cultural city of India Vadodara Gujarat 3. Sayaji Nagari 4. World Capital of Garba Vaniyambadi Leather City of South India Tamil Nadu 1. City of Lights 2. City of Temples 3. City of Learning Varanasi 4. Holy City Uttar Pradesh 5. Oldest living city on Earth 6. Religious Capital of India 7. Spiritual Capital of India Vijayawada The Place of Victory Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam City of Destiny Andhra Pradesh 1. City of Lakes Warangal 2. City of Temples Telangana 3. Second city of Nizam Yavatmal Cotton City Maharashtra Yercaud Poor Man's Ooty Tamil Nadu Zunheboto Land of Warriors Nagaland Kerala PSC - List of Satellites Launched by ISRO Name Keynotes 2019 It is an earth observation spy satellite. It is dubbed as an RISAT-2B all-weather 'spy' satellite because it can take pictures of earth in day, night and cloudy weather. It was launched In 2012. Radar Satellite-1 (RISAT-1) enables imaging of the surface features during both day RISAT-1 and night under all weather conditions. It is used for Electromagnetic spectrum measurement. It is the country’s first electronic surveillance satellite. It EMISAT (436 kg) also has a special altimeter called ‘AltiKa’ that works in the Ka-band microwave region of the spectrum. India’s telecommunication satellite. It will provide GSAT-31 (2536 kg) continuity to operational services on some of the in-orbit satellites. Microsat-R It is an imaging satellite, is meant for military purposes. Kalamsat-V2 (1.26 kg) It is world's lightest satellite, made by Indian students, 2018 It is India’s 35th satellite built to provide communication GSAT-7A capability to the users in Ku-band over the Indian region. It is the heaviest satellite built by ISRO. It is India’s GSAT-11 Mission (5854 kg) next generation high throughput communication satellite It is an earth observation satellite. The primary goal of HysIS is to study the earth’s surface in the visible, near HysIS (380 kg) infrared and shortwave infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is a multi-beam, multiband communication satellite of GSAT-29 (3423 kg) India Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) IRNSS-1A to 1I constitues 7 satellites launched from 2013 to 2018. All the seven satellites serve the navigation purpose. It is also a series of earth observation satellites that were launched between 2016 to 2018. The satellelites provide Cartosat-2 Series Satellite regular remote sensing services using Panchromatic and Multi-spectral cameras. 2016 It third in the series of RESOURCESAT satllites for RESOURCESAT-2A intended for resource monitoring Launched in 2011, It is a Remote Sensing satellite RESOURCESAT-2, intended for resource monitoring Launched in 2003. It is a Remote Sensing satellite RESOURCESAT-1 intended for resource monitoring It aims to provide wind vector data products for weather SCATSAT-1 (371 kg) forecasting, cyclone detection and tracking services to the users. is an advanced meteorological satellite of India INSAT-3DR configured with an imaging System and an Atmospheric Sounder It is predecessor of INSAT-3DR. It was launched in 2013. It is an advanced weather satellite of India INSAT-3D configured with improved Imaging System and Atmospheric Sounder. 2015 It is India’s first dedicated multi wavelength space observatory. It endeavours for a more detailed Astrosat understanding of our universe.It also enables the simultaneous multi-wavelength observations of various astronomical objects with a single satellite. 2013 The Satellite with ARGOS and ALTIKA (SARAL) is a joint Indo-French satellite mission for oceanographic SARAL studies. SARAL performs altimetric measurements designed to study ocean circulation and sea surface elevation. 2009 It is envisaged to provide continuity of operational Oceansat-2 (960 kg) services of Oceansat-1(IRS-P4) with enhanced application potential. 2008 India's first mission to Moon. The orbit initially was 100 Chandrayaan-1 (1380 kg) km which now has been raised to 200 km during May 2009. 2005 HAMSAT is a Micro-satellite for providing satellite based Amateur Radio services to the national as well as HAMSAT the international community of Amateur Radio Operators (HAM). 2004 EDUSAT GSAT-3, known as EDUSAT is meant for distant class room education from school level to higher education. This was the first dedicated "Educational Satellite" that provide the country with satellite based two way communication to class room for delivering educational materials. 2002 It was earlier known as METSAT. It was renamed as Kalpana - 1 on February 5, 2003 after the Indian born American Astronaut Dr. Kalpana Chawla, who died on KALPANA-1 February 1, 2003 in the US Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. It is the first in the series of exclusive meteorological satellites built by ISRO. 1981 It was an experimental spin stabilized satellite designed Rohini Satellite RS-D1 with a power handling capability of 16W. 1979-1981 The First Experimental Remote Sensing Satellite built in Bhaskara-I and Bhaskara II India to conduct earth observation experiments for applications related to hydrology, forestry, and geology 1975 The Aryabhata spacecraft, named after the famous Indian astronomer, was India's first satellite; it was completely Aryabhata designed and fabricated in India and launched by a Soviet Kosmos-3M rocket from Kapustin Yar on April 19, 1975. List of Tiger reserves in India S.No. Tiger Reserve State Total Area (km2) 1. Bandipur Karnataka 1456 2. Jim Corbett Uttarakhand 1288 3. Kanha Madhya Pradesh 2052 4. Manas Assam 3151 5. Melghat Maharashtra 2769 6. Palamau Jharkhand 1130 7. Rathambore Rajasthan 1411 8. Similipal Odisha 2750 9. Sunderbans West Bengal 2585 10. Periyar Kerala 925 11. Sariska Rajasthan 1213 12. Buxa West Bengal 758 13. Indravati Chhattisgarh 2799 14. Namdapha Arunachal Pradesh 2053 15. Dudhwa Uttar Pradesh 2202 16. Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tamil Nadu 1602 17. Valmiki Bihar 899 18. Pench Madhya Pradesh 1180 19. Tadoba Maharashtra 1728 20. Bandhagarh Madhya Pradesh 1598 21. Panna Madhya Pradesh 1579 22. Dampa Mizoram 988 23. Bhadra Karnataka 1064 24. Pakhui Arunachal Pradesh 1198 26. Nameri Assam 344 27. Satpura Madhya Pradesh 2133 28. Anamalai Tamil Nadu 1480 29. Udanti-Sitanadi Chattisgarh 1843 30. Stakosia Odisha 964 31. Kaziranga Assam 1174 32. Achanakmar Chhattisgarh 914 33. Kali Karnataka 1098 34. Sanjay-Dubri Madhya Pradesh 1675 35. Mudumalai Tamil Nadu 689 36. Nagarahole Karnataka 1206 37. Parambikulam Kerala 644 38. Sahyadri Maharashtra 1166 39. Biligiriranga Karnataka 575 40. Kawal Telangana 2019 41. Sathyamangalam Tamil Nadu 1408 42. Mukandra Hills Rajasthan 760 43. Nawegaon-Nagzira Maharashtra 1895 44. Magarjunsagar-Srisailam Andhra Pradesh 3296 45. Amrabad Telangana 2611 46. Pilibhit Uttar Pradesh 730 47. Bor Maharashtra 816 48. Rajaji Uttarakhand 1075 49. Orang Assam 492 50. Kamlang Arunachal Pradesh 783 List of Unique Phobias Name Phobia Achluophobia Fear of darkness Acrophobia Fear of heights Aerophobia Fear of flying Algophobia Fear of pain Alektorophobia Fear of chickens Agoraphobia Fear of public spaces or crowds Aichmophobia Fear of needles or pointed objects Amaxophobia Fear of riding in a car Androphobia Fear of men Anginophobia Fear of angina or choking Anthophobia Fear of flowers Anthropophobia Fear of people or society Aphenphosmphobia Fear of being touched Arachnophobia Fear of spiders Arithmophobia Fear of numbers Astraphobia Fear of thunder and lightning Ataxophobia Fear of disorder or untidiness Atelophobia Fear of imperfection Atychiphobia Fear of failure Autophobia Fear of being alone B Bacteriophobia Fear of bacteria Barophobia Fear of gravity Bathmophobia Fear of stairs or steep slopes Batrachophobia Fear of amphibians Belonephobia Fear of pins and needles Bibliophobia Fear of books Botanophobia Fear of plants C Cacophobia Fear of ugliness Catagelophobia Fear of being ridiculed Catoptrophobia Fear of mirrors Chionophobia Fear of snow Chromophobia Fear of colors Chronomentrophobia Fear of clocks Claustrophobia Fear of confined spaces Coulrophobia Fear of clowns Cyberphobia Fear of computers Cynophobia Fear of dogs D Dendrophobia Fear of trees Dentophobia Fear of dentists Domatophobia Fear of houses Dystychiphobia Fear of accidents E Ecophobia Fear of the home Elurophobia Fear of cats Entomophobia Fear of insects Ephebiphobia Fear of teenagers Equinophobia Fear of horses F, G Gamophobia Fear of marriage Genuphobia Fear of knees Glossophobia Fear of speaking in public Gynophobia Fear of women H Heliophobia Fear of the sun Hemophobia Fear of blood Herpetophobia Fear of reptiles Hydrophobia Fear of water Hypochondria Fear of illness I-K Iatrophobia Fear of doctors Insectophobia Fear of insects Koinoniphobia Fear of rooms full of people L Leukophobia Fear of the color white Lilapsophobia Fear of tornadoes and hurricanes Lockiophobia Fear of childbirth N Mageirocophobia Fear of cooking Megalophobia Fear of large things Melanophobia Fear of the color black Microphobia Fear of small things Mysophobia Fear of dirt and germs N Necrophobia Fear of death or dead things Noctiphobia Fear of the night Nosocomephobia Fear of hospitals Nyctophobia Fear of the dark O Obesophobia Fear of gaining weight Octophobia Fear of the figure 8 Ombrophobia Fear of rain Ophidiophobia Fear of snakes Ornithophobia Fear of birds P Papyrophobia Fear of paper Pathophobia Fear of disease Pedophobia Fear of children Philophobia Fear of love Phobophobia Fear of phobias Podophobia Fear of feet Pogonophobia Fear of beards Porphyrophobia Fear of the color purple Pteridophobia Fear of ferns Pteromerhanophobia Fear of flying Pyrophobia Fear of fire Q-S Samhainophobia Fear of Halloween Scolionophobia Fear of school Selenophobia Fear of the moon Sociophobia Fear of social evaluation Somniphobia Fear of sleep T Tachophobia Fear of speed Technophobia Fear of technology Tonitrophobia Fear of thunder Trypanophobia Fear of needles or injections U-Z Venustraphobia Fear of beautiful women Verminophobia Fear of germs Wiccaphobia Fear of witches and witchcraft Xenophobia Fear of strangers or foreigners Zoophobia Fear of animals Natural Acids of Fruits and Vegetables Fruits Name Acid Present Apples Malic Apricots Malic and Citric Avocados Tartaric Acid Banana Malic Blackberries Isocitric Cranberries Citric Figs Citric Gooseberries Citric Grapes Malic and Tartaric Kumquat Citric Lemons Citric Orange Citric Passion Fruit Malic Pears Malic Pineapples Citric Raspberry Citric Rosehip Malic Strawberries Citric Vegetables Name Acid Present Beans Citric Broccoli Malic Mushrooms Lactarimic Potatoes Malic Rhubarb Malic Tomatoes Malic Office Holders in India Portrait Office Name President of India Ramnath Kovind Vice President of India Venkaiah Naidu Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi Chief Justice of India Sharad Arvind Bobde Speaker of the Lok Sabha Om Birla Chief Election Commissioner Sunil Arora Comptroller and Auditor General of India Rajiv Mehrishi Chairman of UPSC Arvind Saxena Attorney General of India K. K. Venugopal Chairman Public Accounts Committee Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury Cabinet Secretary of India Rajiv Gauba Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister Pramod Kumar Misra Secretary General of the Lok Sabha Snehlata Shrivastava Secretary-General of the Rajya Sabha Desh Deepak Verma National Security Adviser Ajit Doval Home Secretary Ajay Kumar Bhalla Finance Secretary Rajiv Kumar Defence Secretary Ajay Kumar Foreign Secretary Vijay Keshav Gokhale Solicitor General of India Tushar Mehta Principal Scientific Adviser K. VijayRaghavan Chief Economic Adviser Krishnamurthy Subramanian Chairman, NHRC of India H. L. Dattu Chairman, Department of Space K Sivan Chairman, University Grants Commission D. P. Singh Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission K. N. Vyas Chairperson, CBSE Anita Karwal Chairman, 15th Finance Commission of India N. K. Singh Governor, Reserve Bank of India Shaktikanta Das Chairman, SEBI Ajay Tyagi, IAS Chairman, IRDA of India Subhash Chandra Khuntia Chairman, National Stock Exchange Ashok Chawla Chairman, Bombay Stock Exchange Sethuratnam Ravi Chief of the Army Staff General Bipin Rawat Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Karambir Singh Air Chief Marshal RKS Chief of the Air Staff Bhadauria Director, Intelligence Bureau Arvind Kumar, IPS Director, Central Bureau of Investigation Rishi Kumar Shukla, IPS Secretary, Research and Analysis Wing Samant Goel, IPS Director General, Border Security Force Rajni Kant Mishra, IPS Director General, Central Reserve Police Force Rajiv Rai Bhatnagar, IPS Scientific Instruments and their uses 01. Accumulator It is used to store electrical energy 02. Altimeter It measures altitudes and is used in aircraft. 03. Ammeter It measures strength of electric current (in amperes). 04. Anemometer It measures force and velocity of the wind. 05. Audiometer It measures the intensity of sound. 06. Audiphones It is used for improving the imperfect sense of hearing. 07. Barograph It is used for continuous recording of atmospheric pressu 08. Barometer It measures atmospheric pressure. 09. Binocular It is used to view distant objects 10. Bolometer It measures heat radiation 11. Calorimeter It measures the quantity of heat. 12. Carburettor It is used in an internal combustion engine for charging with petrol vapor. 13. Cardiogram It traces movements of the heart, recorded on a cardiogra 14. Chronometer It determines the longitude of a place kept the onboard s It is an instrument used in cinema making to throw on scr 15. Cinematography and enlarged image of the photograph. 16. Colorimeter An instrument for comparing intensities of color. An instrument to change or remove the direction of an ele 17. Commutator current, in dynamo used to convert alternating current in direct current. 18. Cresco graph It measures the growth in plants. 19. Cyclotron A charged particle accelerator which can accelerate charged particles to high energies. 20. Dynamo It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy< 21. Dynamometer It measures force, torque, and power 22. Electroscope It detects the presence of an electric charge. 23. Endoscope It examines internal parts of the body. A glass tube for measuring volume changes in chemical 24. Eudiometer reactions between gases. 25. Fathometer It measures the depth of the ocean. 26. Galvanometer It measures the electric current of low magnitude. 27. Hydrometer It measures the speci c gravity of liquids. 28. Hydrophone It measures sound under water. 29. Hygrometer It measures humidity in the air. 30. Kymograph It graphically records physiological movements (Blood pressure and heartbeat). 31. Lactometer It determines the purity of milk. 32. Manometer It measures the pressure of gases. 33. Mariner’s It is an instrument used by the sailors to determine the compass direction. 34. Microphone It converts the sound waves into electrical vibrations and to magnify the sound. 35. Microscope It is used to obtain the magni ed view of small objects. An instrument by which the distance covered by wheeled 36. Odometer vehicles is measured. 37. Periscope It is used to view objects above sea level (used in submarines) 38. Phonograph An instrument for producing sound. The instrument compares the luminous intensity of the source 39. Photometer of light 40. Potentiometer It is used for comparing electromotive force of cells. 41. Pyrometer It measures very high temperature. A highly accurate clock used in astronomical observations and 42. Quartz Clock other precision work Radio, angle, detection, and range is used to detect the 43. Radar direction and range of an approaching airplane by means of radio microwaves 44. Radiometer It measures the emission of radiant energy. 45. Rain Gauge An apparatus for recording rainfall at a particular place. 46. Recti er An instrument used for the conversion of AC into DC. 47. Refractometer It measures refractive index. 48. Saccharimeter It measures the amount of sugar in the solution. 49. Salinometer It determines the salinity of solution. 50. Seismograph It measures the intensity of earthquake shocks. This is used by navigators to nd the latitude of a place by 51. Sextant measuring the elevation above the horizon of the sun or another star. Gallantry Awards in Indian Param Vir Chakra : It is the highest decoration of valour, that is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery, some daring, prominent act of valour or self-sacri ce in the presence of the enemy on land, sea or air. It is the highest Award to be conferred in War. The decoration of Param Veer Chakra is worn on left breast with plain purple coloured riband of given width. The decoration of PVC is made of circular bronze structure with different details embossed on both sides. So far, since its inception, 21 Param Vir Chakra Award has been conferred upon the Brave Sons of the nation. 14 of them have been awarded posthumously. Maha Vir Chakra : Mahavir Chakra is the second highest decoration in India. It is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, weather on land, sea or air. The decoration is made of standard silver in circular shape. It has “Mahavir Chakra” embossed in Hindi and English. It is worn on left breast with a half white and half orange riband with orange being near the left shoulder. So far, 155 Mahavir Chakra Award have been conferred. Vir Chakra : Vir Chakra is third highest decoration awarded for acts of gallantry in the face of the enemy on land, sea or air. The decoration of “Veer Chakra” is made of standard silver with circular shape with its name embossed in Hindi and English. It is worn on left breast with half blue and half orange riband, where orange is nearer the left shoulder. Peace-time Gallantry Awards: The following awards are given for services rendered during peace time. Ashok Chakra : Ashok Chakra is the highest Peacetime gallantry award, equivalent to Param Veer Chakra. It is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery, daring act of valour, or self- sacri ce on land, sea, or air. Apart from members of armed forces, paramilitary forces, police forces, civilians from all walks of life are also eligible for this award. It is worn on the left breast with a green silk riband with orange vertical line in middle. The Ashoka Chakra is made of gilt gold and circular shape with Ashoka Chakra embossed on one side and a replica of Ashok Chakra on obverse. Till date, 63 people have been awarded with Ashoka Chakra by the President of India. Kirti Chakra : The Kirti Chakra is awarded for conspicuous gallantry. It is made up of standard silver in circular shape. It is worn on the left breast with green silk riband divided into equal segments by two orange vertical lines. Earlier it was known as Ashoka Chakra class II, before 1967. Shaurya Chakra : The Shaurya Chakra is awarded for an act of gallantry. It is exactly like the Ashok Chakra, except that it is made of bronze. Even civilians are also eligible for this award. Earlier it was known as Ashok Chakra Class III.