MILESTONES IN COMPUTER AND TECHNOLOGY
Year        Invention                  Inventor (s)                   Notes
16th        Abacus                     China                          First Mechanical calculator
Century
-           Antikythera mechanism                                     First known analog computer
1617        Napier’s Bones             John Napier                    It is used for calculation of products and
                                                                      quotients of numbers and the technique
                                                                      was also called Rabdology.
1620 – 30   Slide Rule : Slipstick in  Circular Slide Rule : Edmund   It is a mechanical analog computer.
            United States              Gunter
                                       Modern Slide Rule : William
                                       Oughtred
1642        Arithmetic Machine /       Blaise Pascal                  It was a complicated set of gears that
            Pascal"s Calculator /                                     operated similarly to clock. It was designed
            Pascaline                                                 to only perform addition.
1672 – 1694 Stepped Reckoner           Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz      First calculator that could perform all four
                                                                      arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction,
                                                                      multiplication and division.
1801        Jacquard loom              Joseph Marie Jacquard          It used card of holes for weaving pattern.
                                                                      First mechanical loom. Introduced Punch
                                                                      cards.
1823        Difference engine          Charles Babbage                It is an automatic mechanical calculator
                                                                      designed to tabulate polynomial functions.
1837        Analytical Engine          Charles Babbage                First mechanical general-purpose
                                                                      computer
1890        Tabulating Machine         Herman Hollerith               It was developed to help process data for
                                                                      the 1890 U.S. Census.
1935        Z1                         Konrad Zuse                    First freely programmable computer
1944        MARK - 1                   Howard Aiken and Grace         First electro-mechanical computer
                                       Hopper
1939        ABC : Atanasoff Berry      John Atanasoff & Clifford      First automatic electronic digital computer.
            Computer                   Berry                          It used the Binary Number system of 1s
                                                                      and 0s.
1946        ENIAC : Electronic         John Presper Eckert & John     First electronic general-purpose computer
            Numerical Integrator and   W. Mauchly
            Computer
1949        EDSAC : Electronic Delay   John von Neumann               First computer to store program
            Storage Automatic
            Calculator
1949        EDVAC : Electronic         John Presper Eckert & John     It was a binary serial computer with
            Discrete Variable          W. Mauchly                     automatic addition, subtraction,
            Automatic Computer                                        multiplication, programmed division and
                                                                      automatic checking with an ultrasonic serial
                                                                      memory.
1951        UNIVAC : Universal         John Presper Eckert & John     First general-purpose computer for
            Automatic Computer         W. Mauchly                     commercial use
1947        Transistors                John Bardeen, Walter           It is a semiconductor device that could
                                       Brattain, and William Shockley replace a vacuum tube. First used in IBM
                                                                      650.
1961        ICs : Integrated Circuits  Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce    It can replaced a hundred of transistors.
                                                                      First used in IBM 360.
1970        Microprocessors            Marcian Hoff, Masatoshi        The Intel 4004 ("four-thousand-four") is a
                                       Shima and Stanley Mazor        4-bit central processing unit (CPU)
                                                                      released by Intel Corporation in 1971. It
                                                                      was the first microprocessor.
1964        Computer Mouse &           Douglas Engelbart              This marks the evolution of the computer
            graphical user interface                                  from a specialized machine for scientists
            (GUI)                                                     and mathematicians to technology that is
                                                                      more accessible to the general public.
1970        Intel 1103 : DRAM chip     Intel company                  First Dynamic Access Memory (DRAM)
                                                                      chip
1971        Floppy Disk                Alan Shugart & IBM team        Nicknamed the "Floppy" for its flexibility.
1973        Ethernet                   Robert Metcalfe & Xerox        Its connects multiple computers and other
                                                                      hardware.
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