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Kerala PSC General Science Book Study Materials Page 464
Book's First PageAGRICULTURE It is the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops. Agriculture is derived from Latin words ‘ager’ (field) and ‘cultura’ (cultivation). Agronomy FARMING SYSTEMS IN INDIA It is the science and technology of producing Irrigation Farming and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation. It has come to encompass work in An irrigation farming system relies on help the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, from an irrigation system supplying water meteorology, and soil science. from a river, reservoir, tank, or well. As India grows and there is an increasing demand for Agricultural Seasons in India food, water is becoming more and more crucial. Farming methods should be focused Kharif Season on sustaining or recycling water. Crops are sown at the be-ginning of south- Shifting Cultivation west monsoon and harvested at the end of the south-west monsoon. Shifting cultivation systems cultivate one plot of land for a period of years until the soil Sowing Season: May to July. becomes infertile. As crop yield decreases, the plot is deserted and the ground is re-fertilized Harvesting Season : September to October. using the slash and burn technique. This Important Crops: Jowar, Bajra, Rice, Maize, method is popular in the northeast and the east Cotton, Groundnut, Jute, Hemp, Tobacco etc. coast of the country, and is used to cultivate rain-fed rice, corn, buckwheat, millet, root Rabi Season crops, and vegetables. However, as the population increases, more land is being used Crops need cool climate during growth period up without enough time to regenerate the but warm climate during the germination of natural condition of the soil. This has led to seed and maturation. Sowing Season: October severe soil degradation in many areas. to December Harvesting Season: February to April Important Crops: Wheat, Barley, Gram, Commercial Agriculture Linseed, Mustard, Masoor & Peas. Commercial agriculture systems involve large- Zaid Season scale plantations, such as those used for wheat, cotton, sugarcane, tea, rubber, and corn. The These Crops are raised throughout the year yields are exported to other countries for a due to artificial irrigation. profit. There are three types of commercial Zaid Kharif Crops agriculture systems: Sowing Season: August to September Intensive commercial farming: With small Harvesting Season: December-January landholdings and a high population, many farms use a lot of manpower on a relatively Important Crops: Rice, Jowar, Rapeseed, small piece of land. Cotton, Oilseeds. Extensive commercial farming: This is the Zaid Rabi Crops opposite of intensive commercial farming. A Sowing Season: February to March. small workforce is applied to a large piece of Harvesting Season: April-May. land. Cultivation depends on mechanical methods. Important Crops: Watermelon, Toris, Cucum-ber & other vegetables. 463