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PYQ 1200 Q/A Part - 1
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Kerala PSC General Science Book Study Materials Page 431
Book's First PageEsophagus Duodenum, jejunum and ileum are the three major region of small intestine. The esophagus is a long, thin, and muscular tube that connects the pharynx Liver (throat) to the stomach. It functions as the conduit for food and It is a roughly triangular accessory organ liquids that have been swallowed into the of the digestive system located to the right pharynx to reach the stomach. of the stomach, just inferior to the It is about 9-10 inches (25 centimeters) diaphragm and superior to the small long and less than an inch (2 centimeters) intestine. in diameter when relaxed. Weighing in at around 3 pounds (1.36 kg) At the inferior end of the esophagus is a , the liver is the body’s second largest muscular ring called the lower esophageal organ. sphincter or cardiac sphincter. It is used to It helps in digestion, metabolism, close of the end of the esophagus and trap immunity, and the storage of nutrients food in the stomach. within the body. Stomach Gallbladder It is the main food storage tank of the It is a small, pear-shaped organ located just body, so that the body has time to digest posterior to the liver. It is used to store and large meals properly. recycle excess bile from the small intestine so that it can be reused for the digestion of It is a muscular sac that is located on the subsequent meals. left side of the abdominal cavity, just inferior to the diaphragm. Pancreas It also contains hydrochloric acid (HCL) and digestive enzymes that continue the It is a glandular organ in the upper digestion of food that began in the mouth. abdomen, but really it serves as two glands The inner layer of the stomach is full of in one: a digestive exocrine gland and a wrinkles known as rugae (or gastric hormone-producing endocrine gland. folds). Rugae both allow the stomach to It is a narrow, 6-inch long gland that lies stretch in order to accommodate large posterior and inferior to the stomach on meals and help to grip and move food the left side of the abdominal cavity. during digestion. The head of the pancreas, which connects to the duodenum, is the widest and most Small Intestine medial region of the organ. It is a long, thin tube about 1 inch in The tail of the pancreas extends from the diameter and about 10 feet long that is part body as a narrow, tapered region on the of the lower gastrointestinal tract. left side of the abdominal cavity near the spleen. It is located just inferior to the stomach and takes up most of the space in the Glandular tissue that makes up the abdominal cavity. pancreas gives it a loose, lumpy structure. It is coiled like a hose and the inside Large Intestine surface is full of many ridges and folds. It absorbs about 90% of the nutrients from It is the final section of the gastrointestinal the food. tract. 430