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PYQ 1200 Q/A Part - 1
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Kerala PSC General Science Book Study Materials Page 422
Book's First PageMineral Nutrients or Dietary Mineral Macronutrients These are the naturally occurring inorganic Elements which are present in large amounts nutrients in the food and soil essential for the in plant tissues are called macronutrients. They proper functioning of the plant and animal are in excess of 10 mmole per kg of dry body. matter. e.g. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur, potassium, Minerals are among the essential elements calcium and magnesium. required by the body including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and water. Micronutrients or Trace Elements These are two types, such as Macronutrients Elements which are present in small amounts, and Micronutrients. i.e. less than 10 mmole per kg of dry matter are called micronutrients. e.g. Iron, manganese, copper, molybdenum, zinc, copper, boron, chlorine and nickel. Minerals and their Function in the Human body Mineral Major Food Source Functions Deficiency Diseases Macronutrients Calcium milk, dairy products, Muscle contraction, nerve Tetany & rickets Ca green leafy vegetables, action, blood clotting and fish the formation of bone. Chlorine Salted food and Anion/cation balance and Loss of appetite muscle Cl seafood. gastric acid formation. cramps. Magnesium meat, whole grains, Formation of bone, Irregularity of metabolism, Mg nuts, legumes, apricots, formation of coenzymes in Fatigue, poor memory, bananas, chocolate and cell respiration. muscle twitching and rapid green vegetable heartbeat. Phosphorus Cheese, eggs, pea nuts Bone and tooth formation, Tetany & rickets P and most foods. energy transfer from foods, DNA, RNA and ATP formation. Potassium meat, chocolate, Muscle contraction, nerve Nervous disorder, poor K oranges, bananas, action, active transport. muscles leading to paralysis. peanuts, beans, potatoes, spinach Selenium nuts, fish, tuna, meat, Helps to prevent damage to Poor heart function, mental Se chicken, mustard, cells and aids in the retardation mushrooms, barley, functioning of the thyroid cheese, garlic, tofu, gland. It is an antioxidant seeds. for the body. Sodium Any salted food, meat, Muscle contraction, nerve Fatigue, Nervous, depression, Na eggs and milk. action and active transport. muscular cramps, PH dis- balance Micronutrients (Trace Elements) Iron Liver, kidney, red Helps the blood and Anemia and low immunity. Fe meat, cocoa powder muscles carry oxygen to and water-cress, green the body. leaf Fluorine salt water fish (salmon), Helps to make bones and Weak teeth and bones. F tea, sea food, meat, teeth stronger. Improves liver, beans, fluoridated resistance to cavities. water 421