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Kerala PSC General Science Book Study Materials Page 265
Book's First PageNuclear fission & Nuclear Fusion Nuclear fission Nuclear Fusion Splitting of a heavy nucleus into two or Combination of two light nuclei to form a heavy more light nuclei. nucleus. Takes place at room temperature. Requires a very high temperature equal to 4 X 106 oC. Comparatively less amount of energy is Enormous amount of energy is released. released. Fission reaction can be controlled and the Fusion reaction cannot be controlled and hence energy released can be used to generate the energy released cannot be used to generate electricity. electricity. It is a chain reaction. It is not a chain reaction. It leaves behind radioactive wastes. It does not leave behind any radio active wastes. One class of nuclear weapon is a fission One class of nuclear weapon is the hydrogen bomb, also known as an atomic bomb or bomb, which uses a fission reaction to "trigger" a atom bomb. fusion reaction. Nuclear Reactor It is a weapon that infers its disparaging and explosive power with nuclear fission. It is a system that contains and controls The atomic bomb worked in the way that sustained nuclear chain reactions. radioactive element which includes It is used for generating electricity, plutonium (239Pu) or uranium (235U), is moving aircraft carriers and submarines, joined into supercritical mass, the quantity producing medical isotopes for imaging of material expected to start a chain and cancer treatment, and for conducting reaction. research. The destructive material exists in bomb, The most common nuclear fuels are when exploded, will start a chain reaction Uranium 235 and Plutonium 239. that leads to the blast. Moderators such as heavy water (D2O) are used to slow down neutrons and control Hydrogen Bomb or H-bomb or rods to absorb neutrons. It also contains thermonuclear weapon liquid sodium as coolant. It is a weapon that infers its hazardous and Radioactive Half-Life ruinous power with nuclear fusion reaction. The radioactive half-life for a given It worked in a way that a fission bomb is radioisotope is the time for half the radioactive set within a radiation-reflecting holder nuclei in any sample to undergo radioactive alongside fusion fuel, like deuterium and decay. After two half-lives, there will be one tritium. fourth the original sample, after three half- It took its name from the way that lives one eight the original sample, and so deuterium and tritium are isotopes of forth. hydrogen. Half Life Period is defined as the time taken The disparaging material, fission bomb, for half of the reaction to be completed. blasts, which is called as primary reaction. After that it compresses and warms fusion Atom Bomb or A-bomb or fission bomb fuel, which then brings about additional chain reaction, called as the secondary reaction. 264