IMPORTANT PHYSICS FORMULAS
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
1 unified atomic mass unit : 1u = 1.66 ́ 10-27 kg
Proton mass : m p = 1.67 ́ 10-27 kg
Neutron mass : mn = 1.67 ́ 10-27 kg
Electron mass : me = 1.67 ́ 10-27 kg
Magnitude of the electron charge : e = 1.60 ́ 10-19 C
Avogadro’s number : N 0 = 6.02 ́ 1023 mol -1
Universal gas constant : R = 8.31 J / ( mol × K )
Boltzmann’s constant : k B = 1.38 ́ 10-23 J / K
Speed of light : c = 3.00 ́ 108 m / s
Planck’s constant : h = 6.63 ́ 10-34 J × s = 4.14 ́ 10-15 eV × s
hc = 1.99 ́ 10-25 J × m = 1.24 ́ 103 eV × nm
Vacuum permittivity : Î0 = 8.85 ́ 10 -12 C 2 / N × m 2
Coulomb’s law constant : k = 1 / 4p Î0 = 9.0 ́ 109 N × m 2 / C 2
Vacuum permeability : m 0 = 4p ́ 10-7 (T × m ) / A
Magnetic constant : k " = m 0 / 4p = 10-7 (T × m ) / A
Universal gravitational constant : G = 6.67 ́ 10-11 m3 / kg × s 2
Acceleration due to gravity at the
Earth’s surface : g = 9.8 m / s 2
1 atmosphere pressure : 1 atm = 1.0 ́ 105 N / m 2 = 1.0 ́ 105 Pa
1 electron volt : 1 eV = 1.60 ́ 10 -19 J
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