IMPORTANT PHYSICS FORMULAS
                      CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
1 unified atomic mass unit         :  1u = 1.66  ́ 10-27 kg
Proton mass                        :  m p = 1.67  ́ 10-27 kg
Neutron mass                       :  mn = 1.67  ́ 10-27 kg
Electron mass                      :  me = 1.67  ́ 10-27 kg
Magnitude of the electron charge   :  e = 1.60  ́ 10-19 C
Avogadro’s number                  :  N 0 = 6.02  ́ 1023 mol -1
Universal gas constant             :  R = 8.31 J / ( mol × K )
Boltzmann’s constant               :  k B = 1.38  ́ 10-23 J / K
Speed of light                     :  c = 3.00  ́ 108 m / s
Planck’s constant                  :  h = 6.63  ́ 10-34 J × s = 4.14  ́ 10-15 eV × s
                                      hc = 1.99  ́ 10-25 J × m = 1.24  ́ 103 eV × nm
Vacuum permittivity                :  Î0 = 8.85  ́ 10 -12 C 2 / N × m 2
Coulomb’s law constant             :  k   = 1 / 4p Î0 = 9.0  ́ 109 N × m 2 / C 2
Vacuum permeability                :  m 0 = 4p  ́ 10-7 (T × m ) / A
Magnetic constant                  :  k " = m 0 / 4p = 10-7 (T × m ) / A
Universal gravitational constant   :  G = 6.67  ́ 10-11 m3 / kg × s 2
Acceleration due to gravity at the
Earth’s surface                    :  g = 9.8 m / s 2
1 atmosphere pressure              :  1 atm = 1.0  ́ 105 N / m 2 = 1.0  ́ 105 Pa
1 electron volt                    :  1 eV = 1.60  ́ 10 -19 J
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