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Kerala PSC General Science Book Study Materials Page 30
Book's First PageDiamagnetic Material Transformer It has a weak, negative susceptibility to A transformer is a static machine used for magnetic fields. transforming power from one circuit to It repelled by a strong magnet. another without changing frequency. The magnetic susceptibility is independent Electrical power transformer is a static of temperature. device which transforms electrical energy Most elements in the periodic table, from one circuit to another without any including copper, silver, and gold, are direct electrical connection and with the diamagnetic. help of mutual induction between two windings. It transforms power from one Paramagnetic Material circuit to another without changing its frequency but may be in different voltage It has a small, positive susceptibility to level. magnetic fields. The basic principle behind working of a It attracted by a strong magnet. transformer is the phenomenon of mutual The magnetic susceptibility decreases with induction between two windings linked by rise of temperature. common magnetic flux. It includes magnesium, molybdenum, Power transformers are used in lithium, and tantalum. transmission network of higher voltages Ferromagnetic Material for step-up and step down application (400 kV, 200 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33kV) and It has a large, positive susceptibility to an are generally rated above 200MVA. external magnetic field. Distribution transformers are used for The magnetic susceptibility decreases with lower voltage distribution networks as a rise of temperature. means to end user connectivity. (11kV, 6.6 It includes Iron cobalt, nickel, ferric kV, 3.3 kV, 440V, 230V) and are chloride etc. generally rated less than 200 MVA. Curie Temperature (Tc) Facts about electricity It is the temperature at which certain Electricity travels at the speed of light - materials lose their permanent magnetic more than 186,000 miles per second! properties, to be replaced by induced A bolt of lightning can measure up to three magnetism. million (3,000,000) volts. The Curie temperature is named after A 600 megawatt natural gas plant can Pierre Curie, who showed that magnetism power 220,000 homes. was lost at a critical temperature. The first power plant - owned by Thomas As the temperature increases to Tc and Edison - opened in New York City in above however, fluctuations due to the 1882. increase in thermal energy destroy that Benjamin Franklin demonstrated that alignment. lightning is electricity. Tc for nickel is 631K, while that for iron In 1826 Georg Ohm defined the is 1043K. relationship between power, voltage, current and resistance in Ohms Law. The world’s first nuclear power plant in Russia started generating electricity in 1954. 29