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Kerala PSC General Science Book Study Materials Page 27
Book's First PageELECTRICITY Electricity Negative charge (-) It is the set of physical phenomena It has more electrons than protons associated with the presence and flow of (Ne>Np). electric charge. Negative charge attracts other positive It is a form of energy. Also, it is the flow charges and repels other negative charges. of electrons. The negative charge is attracted by other It gives a wide variety of well-known positive charges and repelled by other effects, such as lightning, static electricity, negative charges. electromagnetic induction and electric current. Charge of elementary particles Particle Charge (C) Charge (e) Electron 1.602×10-19 C -e Electric Charge (Q) Proton 1.602×10-19 C +e Neutron 0C 0 It is a property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions. Coulomb"s Law Electric charge generates electric field. It describes force interacting between The electric charge influence other electric static electrically charged particles. charges with electric force and influenced It states that the force between two by the other charges with the same force in charges is proportional to the amount of the opposite direction. charge on both charges and inversely The SI unit of electric charge is the proportional to the square of the distance coulomb (C). One coulomb has the charge between them. of 6.242×1018 electrons: 1C = 6.242×1018 e k . q1 . q2 F r2 Q=I·t Where, F = Force Q is the electric charge, measured in coulombs k = a constant, 8.988×109 N·m2/C2 [C]. q1 = charge one I is the current, measured in amperes [A]. q2 = charge two t is the time period, measured in seconds [s]. r = distance between the two charges There are 2 types of electric charge: Electric Current (I) An electric current is a flow of electric Positive charge (+) charge. It has more protons than electrons In electric circuits this charge is often (Np>Ne). carried by moving electrons in a wire. The positive charge attracts other negative It can also be carried by ions in an charges and repels other positive charges. electrolyte, or by both ions and electrons The positive charge is attracted by other such as in a plasma. negative charges and repelled by other It measured in amperes. positive charges. 26