ELECTRICITY
Electricity Negative charge (-)
It is the set of physical phenomena It has more electrons than protons
associated with the presence and flow of (Ne>Np).
electric charge. Negative charge attracts other positive
It is a form of energy. Also, it is the flow charges and repels other negative charges.
of electrons. The negative charge is attracted by other
It gives a wide variety of well-known positive charges and repelled by other
effects, such as lightning, static electricity, negative charges.
electromagnetic induction and electric
current. Charge of elementary particles
Particle Charge (C) Charge (e)
Electron 1.602×10-19 C -e
Electric Charge (Q)
Proton 1.602×10-19 C +e
Neutron 0C 0
It is a property of some subatomic
particles, which determines their
electromagnetic interactions. Coulomb"s Law
Electric charge generates electric field.
It describes force interacting between
The electric charge influence other electric
static electrically charged particles.
charges with electric force and influenced
It states that the force between two
by the other charges with the same force in
charges is proportional to the amount of
the opposite direction.
charge on both charges and inversely
The SI unit of electric charge is the
proportional to the square of the distance
coulomb (C). One coulomb has the charge
between them.
of 6.242×1018 electrons: 1C = 6.242×1018
e k . q1 . q2
F
r2
Q=I·t
Where, F = Force
Q is the electric charge, measured in coulombs k = a constant, 8.988×109 N·m2/C2
[C].
q1 = charge one
I is the current, measured in amperes [A]. q2 = charge two
t is the time period, measured in seconds [s]. r = distance between the two charges
There are 2 types of electric charge: Electric Current (I)
An electric current is a flow of electric
Positive charge (+)
charge.
It has more protons than electrons In electric circuits this charge is often
(Np>Ne). carried by moving electrons in a wire.
The positive charge attracts other negative It can also be carried by ions in an
charges and repels other positive charges. electrolyte, or by both ions and electrons
The positive charge is attracted by other such as in a plasma.
negative charges and repelled by other It measured in amperes.
positive charges.
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