Lorentz transformations instead of Newtonian
mechanics, Einstein discovered an unexpected
by-product of these calculations to be an              E  mc 2
energy term which does not vanish at zero
speed. He called it rest mass energy - energy          Where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the
which every mass must possess even when                speed of light. The speed of light = 299 792
being at rest. The amount of energy is directly        458 m/s = 2.9 x 108 m/s
proportional to the mass of body:
   Kinetic Energy (Ek)                                  Potential Energy (Ep)
   The energy of a body or a system with respect to     Potential Energy is the stored energy in an
   the motion of the body or of the particles in the    object or system because of its position or
   system.                                              configuration.
   Kinetic energy can be transferred from one           Potential energy cannot be transferred.
   moving object to another.
   Flowing water, such as when falling from a           Water at the top of a waterfall, before the
   waterfall.                                           precipice.
   Kinetic energy (KE) or Ek= 1⁄2 mv2                     Potential energy (PE) or Ep = mgh
   (m= mass, v= velocity)                               (m=mass, g= gravity, h= height)
                             LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
“Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it             Examples :
can only be changed from one form to
another.” - Albert Einstein                            A television changes electrical energy into
                                                       sound and light energy.
It states that the total energy of an isolated
system cannot change. It is said to be                 A toaster changes electrical energy into
conserved over time. Energy cannot be created          thermal energy and light.
or destroyed, but can change form; for
instance, chemical energy can be converted to          A car changes chemical energy from fuel into
kinetic energy.                                        thermal energy and mechanical energy.
Energy Transformation                                  Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of
                                                       a substance’s atoms and molecules. Atoms and
    Energy can change from one type to                molecules are constantly in motion. When
     another. This is called an energy                 thermal energy causes particles to move faster
     conversion or energy transformation.              and farther apart, the result is a phase change
    In energy transformations, some energy is         (or change of state).
     always lost to the environment as thermal
     energy.
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