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Kerala PSC Indian History Book Study Materials Page 1422
Book's First Pagethem. Factors Responsible for Multisided Cultural Activities The following factors were responsible for the outburst of many sided cultural activity under the Mughals and for the high standards set in different fields. First of all, the immense wealth and the unlimited power of the empire enabled the Mughals to continue their ardent, sustained and perceptive patronage to fine arts and literature. Hence, it is no exaggeration to say that the wealth of India dazzled even eyes accustomed to the pomp of Versailles. Secondly, the relatively settled conditions and a long period of peace that prevailed all over northern India smoothed the path for undertaking extensive works of art. Thirdly, the Mughal Emperors had pronounced aesthetic sense and cultural outlook. Each of them was anxious to find expression in some visual arts. The first five rulers were in most respects, intellectually superior to those around them. In their cultural outlook and refined taste, they had few equals. Fourthly, the glorious and rich cultural heritage of the Mughals on the one hand, and the Indians on the other, created a unique atmosphere for the brilliant output of letters and fine arts. FUSION OF CUSTOMS AND MANNERS The Mughal period was not only a period of experiment and innovation, but also a period of continuation and culmination of those processes that had their seeds sown in the later part of the rule of Delhi Sultans. In other words, the spirit of harmony and synthesis that commenced in the closing years of the Delhi Sultanate, continued and culminated in the Mughal period. In short, the dress, manners, social amenities and festivals which the Mughals introduced in India, ceased to be foreign and were accepted by the people. Akbar’s desire to weld the two peoples into a unity and social cohesion led to the Hindu-Muslim synthesis in dress, diet, etiquette, modes of living, functions and festivals. In the Hindu wedding ceremony, sehra and jama came into vogue. Pyjama and achkan formed ceremonial costume, and new delicious sweets like balushai, gulabjam, barfi, pulao, etc. were included in the articles of food.