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Kerala PSC Indian History Book Study Materials Page 1393
Book's First Pageleast concerned about their country. This constant fighting amongst themselves also caused great misery to the people. There was misrule everywhere. The people of Maharashtra were, thus, tired of this oppression. Conducive Atmosphere for Shivaji’s Rise It is true that Shivaji contributed a lot towards the rise and growth of Maratha power in India, but it is equally true that at the time he appeared on the scene, the ground had already been prepared for him. According to Dr. Ishwari Prasad, “But Shivaji’s rise to power cannot be treated as an isolated phenomenon in Maratha history. It was as much the result of his personal daring and heroism as of the peculiar geographical situation of the Deccan country and unifying religious influences that were animating the people with new hopes and aspirations in the 15th and 16th centuries.” GEOPOLITICAL FACTORS The physical features of the Maratha country developed certain peculiar qualities among the Marathas, which distinguished them from the rest of the people of India. The mountainous territory gave security to the Marathas from the outside invaders. It also made them hardy soldiers who were not afraid of difficulties and hardships. The scarcity of rains in Maharashtra and the difficulties of finding livelihood developed among the Marathas a spirit of self-reliance and hard work. Without these qualities, they would have faced death from starvation. Their hardy character stood them in good stead when they were pitted against the Mughals. While the Marathas could be seen galloping in their small narrow paths in search of their enemies without the least feeling of any inconvenience or hardship, the Mughal soldiers found their life miserable. The mountainous country made it possible for the Marathas to adopt successfully the guerilla tactics. The broken ranges of hills provided the Marathas ‘ready-made and easily defendable rock forts’. Maratha Sardars Military and Administrative Training of Marathas Even before the appearance of Shivaji on the scene, the Marathas had acquired training in the