Initially Aurangzeb introduced a few administrative changes. A high-
powered mans abdar (Iwaz Wajih) was appointed as chief censor of
morals (muhtasib) to prevent drinking, taking bhang and other drugs,
forbidden and unlawful deeds, and committing shameful acts such as
adultery. Subsequently, the enforcement of Sunni laws, the suppression of
all Shia practices, and the introduction of all moral reforms were also
incorporated into their duties. Finally, in 1699 they were allotted the task
of destroying Hindu temples. The celebration of the Iranian Nauroz
festival, was banned. The kalmia was no longer stamped on coins, to
prevent the holy words from being defiled by unbelievers or heretics. The
north Indian period of Aurangzeb’s reign (1658–81) was marked by a
gradual departure from Akbar’s policy of coexistence. His early
regulations were designed to offer relief to Muslims and reduce urban
taxation. Customs duty on all imports was fixed in 1665 at 2 1/2 per cent
of their value in the case of Muslim traders and 5 per cent for Hindus. Two
years later all customs duty for Muslims was abolished. In 1669 a general
order to demolish temples and Hindu centres of learning was issued. The
celebrated Visvanatha temple of Banaras and the Kesava Rai temple of
Mathura were reduced to ruins. In April 1679, he reimposed jizya despite
Hindu protests.
The Satanami revolt of 1672 was sparked off by a minor dispute between
a Satanami peasant and a foot soldier. Satanamis established an independent
government, but the imperial army crushed the rebellion. The ninth guru of
the Sikhs, Tegh Bahadur, exasperated the Mughals by his preachings. In
1675, while the emperor was at Hasan Abdal, Tegh Bahadur was beheaded
on the orders of the qazi of Delhi. Guru Gobind, the tenth guru of the Sikhs,
reinterpreted the Sikh ideologies to justify military action. The Sikhs who
accepted the rite of baptism which he devised were known as the Khalsa
(Pure) and were given the title of Singh (Lion). A Mughal reinforcement cut
off supplies to the Sikh stronghold of Anandpur. The guru evacuated the fort,
but his two sons were savagely executed by Wazir Khan, the Sirhind faujdar.
The guru wrote to the emperor condemning his faujdar’s atrocities. The Sikhs
and the imperial troops went clashing till Aurangzeb’s death.