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PYQ 1200 Q/A Part - 1
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Kerala PSC Indian History Book Study Materials Page 1217
Book's First Pageuse the title Ghazi (Champion of the faith). Most of the coins struck in bullion by these early Sultans, including Muhammad of Ghur, are practically uniform in size and weight (about 56 grains). Numerous varieties were struck. The Indian type known as the dehliwala, with the humped bull and the sovereign’s name in Nagari on the reverse, and the Delhi Chauhan type of horseman on the obverse, lasted till the reign of Masud. Another type, with the Horseman obverse and the Sultan’s name and titles in Arabic on the reverse, survived till Nasir-ud-din Mahmud’s reign. The bullion coins of Ala-ud-din Khalji are the first to bear dates. The earliest copper of this period is small and insignificant. Some coins, as well as a few bullion pieces, bear the inscription adl, which may mean simply currency. All copper is dateless. MUHAMMAD’S COINS Muhammad bin Tughluq has been called ‘the Prince of moneyers’. Not only do his coins surpass those of his predecessors in execution, especially in calligraphy, but his large output of gold, the number of his issues of all denominations, the interest of the inscriptions, reflecting his character and activities, his experiments with the coinage, entitle him to a place among the greatest moneyers of history. For his earliest gold and silver pieces he retained the old 172.8 grain standard of his predecessors. His first experiment was to add to these, in the first year of his reign, gold dinars of 20 1.6 grains and silver aslis of 144 grains weight. Muhammad bin Tughluq’s gold and silver issues, like those of his predecessors, are identical in type. One of the earliest and most curious of these was struck both at Delhi and Daulatabad, in memory of his father. It bears the superscription of Ghiyas-ud-din accompanied by the additional title, al- Shahid (the Martyr). The early gold and silver, of which about half-a- dozen different types exist, were minted at eight different places, including Delhi. And at least twenty-five varieties of his bullion coinage are known. From inscriptions on the token currency, we learn the names of their various denominations. There appear to have been two scales of division, one for use at Delhi, and the other for Daulatabad and the south. In the former the silver tanka was divided into forty-eight, and in the latter into