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Kerala PSC Indian History Book Study Materials Page 580
Book's First Pagepoint of view of composition. The female figures in different moods and poses are in particular its best creations. Even men, animals and vegetation have been treated elegantly. ROCK-CUT CAVE ARCHITECTURE Karle and Bhaja Caves Karle and Bhaja Caves are located near Lonavala in Maharashtra. The Bhaja caves are regarded to be from the times of Hinayana phase of Buddhism, which is of 2nd to 1st century BC. These caves are also mainly Viharas and Chaityas and located just 3 km away from the main road amidst green surroundings. There is also a waterfall near the cave where tourists can refresh themselves with a dip. Lohagad and Visapur forts are not far from these caves. alive. It takes nearly 20 minutes to climb up the steep way of the Karle caves. There is a 45 meter (148-foot) long Chaitya, possibly the finest of its kind in the country. A temple has been built recently built at the entrance using pillars from the Buddhist period. There is a sculpture of Buddha preaching seated on a lion-supported throne, which has magnificent carvings of three elephants. The pillars are adorned with motifs of elephants, men and riding women, etc. Junnar Caves The Junnar hill, situated at a small place known as Junnar in Maharashtra, houses a cluster of ancient Buddhist caves. Belonging to the period between 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century CE, the Junnar caves due to their construction and architecture, attract the tourists, Buddhists and archaeologists. The Junnar caves have been divided into three major categories: 1. Tulija Lena group; 2. Manmodi Hill group, and 3. Ganesh Lena group. The Tulija Lena group, 5 km to the west, comprising Chaityas or the prayer halls, has a circular dome ceiling in the Chaiya hall in the cave number three. The second group of caves, which lies 1.5 km south of Junnar towards the Manmodi hills, constitute a well preserved facade. The third