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PYQ 1200 Q/A Part - 1
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Kerala PSC Indian History Book Study Materials Page 353
Book's First PageGorakhnath being the clan god of the Gorkha dynasty, who unified Nepal. Agamamtas or Saiva Siddhantas This is an important south Indian system of pluralistic realism. It recognises the reality of the world and the plurality of souls. This movement developed partly from the songs of the early Saiva saints and partly from the fine devotional poetry of the Nayanars (from the 7th to the 10th century). The four classes of authoritative texts of the cult are the Vedas, the twenty eight Saiva Agamas, the twelve Timurai; and the fourteen Saiva Siddhanta Sastras. Although the Vedas are highly regarded, the esoteric Agamas are of greater importance having been revealed by Siva himself to his devotees. The Siddhanta Sastras were written during the 13th and the early 14th century by a succession of six teachers, most of whom were non-Brahmins and of lowly origin. The Tamil texts and poems include those written by the three great Saiva teachers—Appar, Tirujnana-Sambandhar and Sundaramurti. The first teacher of Tamil Saivism was Meykantar, (13th century, his work being the Sivajnahodham). But the founder was Aghora Sivacharya. The Saiva Siddhanta goal is a state of eternal bliss, the experience of unity-in-duality. Today Saiva Siddhanta flourishes mostly in Tamil-speaking areas including northern Ceylon. Kashmiri Saivism This is a monistic system, also called the Trika (‘three-fold’) system expounded in Kashmir by Abhinava Gupta (993-1015 AD) who based his exposition on the teachings of earlier sages. He composed a number of commentaries on the now lost Sivadrishti of Somananda, from whom he was fourth in succession. Fortunately, a summary of this work was composed by Utpala, a pupil of Abhinava, entitled the Pratmhhijna Sutras. However, the earliest teacher was Vasugupta who lived in the 9th century and founded the Pratyahhijna school. He taught that the soul gains knowledge by means of intense yogic meditation. The name Trika refers to the three-fold scripture drawn from the non- canonical Agamas. The system