other. The first twenty two tirthankaras are so legendary in character that it is
hardly possible to say anything about them. The twenty-third tirthankara,
named Parsvanatha, who lived 250 years before Vardhamana Mahavira,
seems to have been a real historical personage. He was the son of king
Asvasena of Banaras. Parsvanatha seems to have left a well-formed
organisation behind him. The parents of Vardhamana Mahavira and the
members of his family were the followers of Parsvanatha’s order. The next
and the last tirthankara was Vardhamana Mahavira himself.
Tirthankara (ford-finder) is the title of Jain patriarchs of the highest
order, so called because they show men the passage through the dark waters
of life. They are also known as jina, ‘conqueror’. Though there are said to be
twenty-four tirthankaras of the present cycle, most of them are known only
by their names and symbols.
TWENTY-FOUR TIRTHANKARAS WITH SYMBOLS
Rishabha—bull
Ajita—elephant
Sambhava—horse
Abhinandana—ape
Sumati—heron
Padmaprabha—red lotus
Suparsva—swastika
Chandraprahba—moon
Suvidhi—dolphin
10. Sitala—breast
11. Sreyamsa—rhinoceros
12. Vasupujya—buffalo
13. Vimala—hog
14. Ananta—hawk or porcupine
15. Dharma—thunderbolt
16. Santi (king of Hastinapura)—antelope
17. Kunthu—goat
18. Ara—fish
19. Malli (daughter of the ruler of Mithila)—jar