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PYQ 1200 Q/A Part - 1
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Kerala PSC Indian History Book Study Materials Page 311
Book's First Pagepunishments for them; (3) the Samyutta-nikaya discusses Buddhist doctrine, and includes riddles and aphorisms, ballads in mixed prose and verse and many sayings of Buddha; (4) the Anguttara-nikaya (or Ekottara-nikaya), a collection of sermons arranged in ascending numerical order, enumerating doctrines and principles; and lastly (5) the Khuddaka-nikaya, an anthology of smaller pieces, comprising fifteen books of miscellanea which are essential for an understanding of Buddhism. The principal texts of the Khuddaka-nikaya are often taken to include a few of the most extensive of the Pali canonical writings. The important ones are given below: (a) The Khuddaka-patha: Meaning the lesser readings; It is a book for young neophytes when they join the Sangha. (b) The Dhammapada (the Law-path): The best known of the Buddhist canonical texts, it is a collection of over four hundred aphoristic verses garnered from the sayings of Buddha. (c) The Udana: Based on the utterances of Buddha which are set in the framework of a narrative (One of them contains the world-famous story of the blind men who having felt an elephant, each touching a different part or limb, report their findings, each giving a different version: the truth being thus viewed from various aspects, as all truth must be viewed by imperfect beings). (d) The Itivuttaka: It contains material similar to the Udana in the form of 120 sayings which touch upon some of the deepest problems of human existence. (e) The Suttanipata: It preserves many fragments of the oldest Buddhist poetry and gives valuable information on the social and religious conditions in Buddhist India. (f) The Jataka: It comprises stories of Buddha’s former lives, which are among the most ancient fables in world literature. (g) The Buddhavamsa: This records legends in verse about the twenty- four Buddhas who preceded Gautama in earlier times. (h) The Theragatha: Literally meaning the Songs of the Elders, and (i) The Therigatha: The Songs of the Lady Elders contains religious lyrical poetry of a high order. deals with the same subjects as the Sutta The Abhidhamma Pitaka: It