62.       The Constitution (Sixty-second Amendment) Act, 1989—Article 334 of the Constitution
      lays down that the provisions of the Constitution relating to the reservation of seats for the
      Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes and the representation of the Anglo-Indian
      community by nomination in the Lok Sabha and in the Legislative Assemblies of the States shall
      cease to have effect on the expiry of a period of 40 years from the commencement of the
      Constitution. Although the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes have made considerable
      progress in the last 40 years, the reasons which weighed with the Constituent Assembly in
      making provisions with regard to the aforesaid reservation of seats and nomination of members,
      have not ceased to exist. The Act amends Article 334 of the Constitution to continue the
      reservation for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes and the representation of the
      Anglo-Indians by nomination for a further period of 10 years.
      63.       The Constitution (Sixty-third Amendment) Act, 1989—The Constitution (Fifty-ninth
      Amendment) Act, 1988 was enacted in March 1988 making certain changes in regard to making
      a Proclamation of Emergency in Punjab and to the duration of President’s rule in State. On
      reconsideration, the Government decided that the special powers in regard to the Proclamation of
      Emergency in Punjab as envisaged in the said amendment is no longer required. Accordingly the
      provision to clause (5) of Article 356 and Article 359A of the Constitution have been omitted.
      64.      The Constitution (Sixty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1990—This Act amends clauses (4) and
      (5) of Article 356 of the Constitution with a view to facilitate the extension of the proclamation
      issued under clause (1) of Article 356 of the Constitution on 11th May 1987 upto a total period
      of three years and six months in relation to the State of Punjab.
      65.       The Constitution (Sixty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1990—Article 338 of the Constitution
      provides for a Special Officer for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to investigate all
      matters relating to the safeguards provided for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes under
      the Constitution and to report to the President on their working. The Article has been amended
      for the constitution of a National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
      consisting of a Chairperson, Vice Chairperson and five other Members who shall be appointed
      by the President by warrant under his hand and seal. The amended Article elaborates the duties
      of the said Commission and covers measures that should be taken by the Union or any state for
      the effective implementation of the reports presented by the Commission. It also provides that
      the Commission shall, while investigating any matter or inquiring into any complaint have all the
      powers of a Civil Court trying a suit and the reports of the said Commission shall be laid before
      Parliament and the Legislature of the states.
      66.       The Constitution (Sixty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1990—The Act protects 55 State Acts
      relating to land reforms and ceiling on agricultural land holdings enacted by States of Andhra
      Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
      Orissa, Rajasthan,Tamilnadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and administration of the Union
      Territory of Puducherry, from challenge in courts, by including them in the Ninth Schedule to
      the Constitution.
      67.       The Constitution (Sixty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1990—The three year period in the
      case of proclamation issued on 11th May 1987 with respect to the State of Punjab was extended
      to three years and six months by the Constitution (Sixty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1990. This Act
      further amends clause (4) of Article 356 so as to further extend the period upto a total period of
      four years.