ONE-WORD SUBSTITUTION
hirsute (Adj.) : having a lot of portico (N.) : a roof that is sup- 291. (2) journalism
hair on the face/ body ; hairy ported by columns; one that journalism (N.) : the work of col-
hoary (Adj.) : very old and well- forms the entrance to a large lecting and writing news, stories
known and therefore no longer building for newspapers, magazines, radio
interesting mezzanine (N.) : a floor that is or television
283. (2) simile built between two floors of a literature (N.) : pieces of writ-
simile (N.) : a word or phrase building and is smaller than the ing that are valued as works of
that compares something to other floors art-novels, plays, poems, etc.
something else, using the words 287. (1) immigrant biography (N.) : the story of a
like or as immigrant (N.) : a person who person’s life written by somebody
metaphor (N.) : a word or phrase has came to live permanently in else
used for describing somebody/ a country that is not his own artistry (N.) : the skill of an artist
something else, in a way that is emigrant (N.) : a person who 292. (1) foundling
different from its normal use, in leaves his country to live in an- foundling (N.) : a baby who has
order to show that the two things other been left by its parents and who
have the same qualities and to alien (N.) : hostile, strange and is found and taken care of by
make the description more pow- frightening ; different from what somebody else
erful you are used to sibling (N.) : a brother or sister
personification (N.) : the prac- urchin (N.) : a younger child who
visitor (N.) : a person who vis-
tice of representing objects, qual- is poor and dirty, often one who
its a place or a person
ities, etc. as human in art and has no home
literature 288. (1) wilfully
orphan (N.) : a child whose par-
wilfully (Adv.) : done deliber-
alliteration (N.) : the use of the ents are dead
same letter/ sound at the begin- ately, although the person doing
293. (3) hinterland
ning of words that are close to- it knows that it is wrong
hinterland (N.) : the area of a
gether obligingly (Adv.) : helpfully ; country that is away from the
284. (1) budgeting very willing to help coast from the banks of a large
budgeting (N.) : an itemized sum- voluntarily (Adv.) : willingly ; river or from the main cities
mary of estimated expenses for without being forced swamps (N.) : marsh ; an area
a given period along with propos- compulsorily (Adv.) : that must of ground that is very wet or cov-
als for financing them be done because of a law or a ered with water and in which
retrenchment (N.) : a cutting rule plants, trees, etc. are growing
down of expenses ; a reduction 289. (4) asylum marshes (N.) : an area of low
of expenses asylum (N.) : protection that a land that is always soft and wet
saving (N.) : an amount of some- government gives to people who because there is nowhere for the
thing such as time or money that have left their own country, be- water to flow away to
you do not need to use or spend cause they were in danger for isthmuses (N.) : narrow strip of
closure (N.) : the situation when political reasons. land, with water on each side,
a factory, school, hospital, etc. that joins two large pieces of land
shelter (N.) : the fact of having
shuts permanently 294. (1) testimonial
a place to live/stay; to give pro-
285. (2) maxim testimonial (N.) : a formal writ-
tection from rain, danger or at-
maxim (N.) : a well-known phrase ten statement, often by a former
tack
that expresses something that is employer, about somebody’s abil-
usually true or that people think house (N.) : a place for people ities, qualities and character
is a rule for sensible behaviour to live in
memorandum (N.) : a record of
marxism (N.) : the political and 290. (1) punter a legal agreement which has not
economic theories of Karl Marx punter (N.) : customer ; a person yet been formally prepared and
(1818-83) which explain the who buys or uses a particular signed
changes and developments in product or service; someone who certificate (N.) : an official doc-
society as the result of opposi- bets ument that may be used for
tion between the social classes hacker (N.) : a person who se- proving that the facts it states
neologism (N.) : a new word/ cretly finds a way of looking at are true
expression/ a new meaning of a and/ or changing information on licence (N.) : an official docu-
word somebody else’s computer sys- ment that shows that permission
platonism (N.) : the ideas of the tem without permission has been given to do, own or use
ancient Greek philosopher, Pla- customer (N.) : a person/an or- something
to and those who followed him ganisation that buys something 295. (3) infallible
286. (2) pantry from a shop/ store or business infallible (N.) : never wrong ;
pantry (N.) : a cupboard/closet client (N.) : a person who uses making mistakes ; that never
or small room in a house, used the services/ advice of a profes- fails ; always doing what it is
for storing food ; larder sional person/ organisation supposed to do
SEE–675