Kerala PSC English Grammar Book Study Materials 1 Page 404
Book's First Page DIRECT/INDIRECT SPEECH
The magistrate ordered to call the witness. (I.S.) were very slippery. (I.S.)
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Sub. Rep. V. V. Ob. Aux2 Adv1 Adv2
[ to will be used as it is an order ] As the sentence implies an order, to will be used in I.S.
244. (3) “Have you done this sort of work before? ” said 250. (2) The old lady declared that she was going
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Sub. Rep. V. Conj. Pro1 Past Cont.
Aux. Pro1 V. Pro2 Ob. Ext.wd. Rep. V.
to walk where she pleased. They had the liberty. (I.S.)
his new employer. (D.S.)
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̄ ̄
V. Pro2 V. Pro3 Aux. Ob.
Pro3 Sub. The old lady said ,“ I am going to walk where I please.
His new employer asked him whether he had ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄
̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ Sub. Pro1 Pr. Cont. V. Pro2 V.
Pro3 Sub. Ext.wd. Conj. Pro1 Aux. We have the liberty. ” (D.S.)
done that sort of work before (earlier) (I.S.) ̄ ̄ ̄
̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ Pro3 Aux. Ob.
V. Pro2 Ob. Ext. wd. 251. (1) The teacher asked me why I had been absent
245. (4) Rahul says that Azhar loves cricket. (I.S.) ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄
̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ Sub. Rep. V. Ob. Q. wd. Pro1 Past Per.
Sub1 Rep.V. Conj. Sub2 S.Pr. Ob. the day before. (I.S.)
Rahul says, “Azhar loves cricket.” (D.S.) ̄
̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ Ext. wd.
Sub1 Rep. V. Sub2 S.Pr. Ob. The teacher asked me, “Why were you absent
If the Rep. V. is in the S. Pr., there is no change in the Tense of the V. in the ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄
Indirect Speech. Sub. Rep. V. Ob. Q.wd. S. Past Pro1
246. (3) “I came home last night, ” said he. (D.S.) yesterday? ” (D.S.)
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Pro1 S. Past Ob. Ext.wd. Rep. V. Pro2 Ext. wd.
He said that he had come home the previous night. (I.S.) 252. (2) Mr. Robinson asked his son what he wanted to be
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Pro2 Rep. V. Conj. Pro1 Past Per. Ob. Ext. wd. Sub. Rep. V. Ob. Q. wd Pro1 S. Past V1
247. (2) The beggar said, ” Poverty is a great curse. ”(D.S.) when he grew up. (I.S.)
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Sub. Rep.V. Universal Truth (Fact)
Adv. Pro2 Phr. V.
The beggar said that poverty is a great curse. (I.S.)
“My son”, said Mr. Robinson, “ what do you want
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Sub. Rep. V. Conj. Universal Fact
Ob. Rep. V. Sub. Q.wd. Aux. Pro1 S.Pr.
If the Rep. Sent. tells a Universal Fact, there is no change in the Tense of the
Rep. Sent. inI.S. to be when you grow up ? ” (D.S.)
248. (2) “If you want to smoke, you‘ll have to go out,” ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄
̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ V1 Adv. Pro2 Phr. V.
Conj1 Pro1 V1 V2 Pro2 Aux. Mod. V. V3 Adv. 253. (4) The boys respectfully wished their teacher good morning. (I.S.)
said the conductor. (D.S.) ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄
̄ ̄ Sub. Adv. S. Past Ob. Exclamation
Rep. V. Sub. “Good morning Madam,” said the boys to their teacher.
The conductor said that if I/he wanted ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄
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exclamation Rep. V. Sub. Ob.
Sub. Rep. V. Conj2 Conj1 Pro V1
254. (3) She said , “I am sorry; I am not able.
to smoke , I would have to go out. (I.S.)
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Sub. Rep. V. Pro1 Aux1 exlamation Pro2 Aux2
V2 Pro2 Aux. Mod. V. V3 Adv.
to submit those papers. “(D.S.)
249. (1) “Be careful; the steps are very slippery, “ I warned
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Aux1 Adj. Sub1 Aux2 Adv1 Adv2 Sub2 Rep. V. V. Pro3 Ob.
him. (D.S.) She apologised for not being able to submit
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Ob. Sub. Rep. V. Aux2 V.
I warned him to be careful as the steps those papers. (I.S.)
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Sub2 Rep. V. Ob. Aux1 Adj. Conj. Sub1
Ob.
SEE–411