Kerala PSC English Grammar Book Study Materials 1 Page 329
Book's First Page
TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES (ACTIVE/PASSIVE)
264. (2) Structure of Past Continuous Tense, Active Voice by + Ob. (Sub. of Active)
is as follows : ̄ ̄
Sub. + was/were + V-ing + Ob. by them.
̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ Use of by them is not necessary/mandatory.
Some people were helping the wounded 268. (1) Structure of Simple Past Tense, Active Voice is
woman. as follows :
In Passive Voice, the structure will be as follows : Sub. + V2 + Ob.
Sub. (Ob. of Active) + was/were + being + V3 ̄ ̄ ̄
̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ People believed the earth .....
The wounded woman was being helped In Passive, the structure will be as follows :
+ by + Ob. (Sub. of Active) Sub. (Ob. of Active) + was/were + V3 + to
̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄
by some people. The earth was believed to
265. (4) Structure of Simple Future Tense, Active Voice + be +
is as follows : ̄
Sub. + will/shall + V1 + Ob. be ......
̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ When the V. in the Active is not an action, we use
The servant will execute all orders... with, to, in, at, etc. and not by in Passive.
In Passive Voice, the structure will be as follows : Here, believed (V.) is not an action; it’s a state and
people (Sub.) is vague (general), so, it is not men-
Sub. (Ob. of Active) + will/shall + be + V3
tioned in Passive.
̄ ̄ ̄ ̄
Look at the sentences :
All orders will be executed
I know her. (Active)
+ by + Ob.
She is known to me. (Passive)
̄ ̄
[The V. - know is not an action; it’s a state]
by the servant.
269. (1) Structure of Simple Past Tense, Active Voice is
266. (4) Structure of Simple Past Tense, Passive Voice is as follows :
as follows :
Sub. + did + not + V1 + Ob.
Sub. + was/were + V3 + to ..... ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄
̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ The boy did not break the glass.
I was obliged to go In Passive Voice, the structure will be as follows :
In Active Voice, the structure will be as follows : Sub. (Ob. of Active) + was/were + not +
Sub. (Ob. of Passive) + V-2 + Ob. (Sub. of Active) ̄ ̄ ̄
̄ ̄ ̄ The glass was not
Circumstances obliged me V3 + by + Ob. (Sub. of Active)
(Not a person) ̄ ̄ ̄
to ...... broken by the boy.
̄ ̄ 270. (3) Structure of Simple Present Tense, Active Voice
to go. is as follows :
When the Sub. in the Active is not a person, we use Sub. + V1 + Ob.
with, to, in, at, etc. and not by in Passive ̄ ̄ ̄
Here, circumstances (Sub.) is not a person. They fund school for girls.
Look at the sentences : In Passive, the structure will be as follows :
Smoke filled the room. (Active) Sub. (Ob. of Active) + is/am/are + V3
The room was filled with smoke. (Passive) ̄ ̄ ̄
Smoke (Sub.) is not a person. School for girls is funded
267. (2) Structure of Simple Past Tense, Active Voice is + by + Ob. (Sub. of Active)
as follows : ̄ ̄
Sub. + V2 + Ob. by them.
̄ ̄ ̄ 271. (2) Structure of Past Continuous Tense, Active Voice
They established this club ..... is as follows :
In Passive Voice, the structure will be as follows : Sub. + was/were + V-ing + Ob.
Sub. (Ob. of Active) + was/were + V3 ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄
̄ ̄ ̄ The lady of was furnishing the mansion.
This club was established .... the house
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