TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES (ACTIVE/PASSIVE)
264. (2) Structure of Past Continuous Tense, Active Voice              by + Ob. (Sub. of Active)
     is as follows :                                                     ̄               ̄
     Sub.         +    was/were + V-ing             +    Ob.           by               them.
        ̄                  ̄              ̄                  ̄             Use of by them is not necessary/mandatory.
    Some people          were          helping      the wounded   268. (1) Structure of Simple Past Tense, Active Voice is
                                                     woman.            as follows :
     In Passive Voice, the structure will be as follows :              Sub. + V2               +  Ob.
     Sub. (Ob. of Active) + was/were + being + V3                         ̄              ̄            ̄
        ̄                             ̄                 ̄      ̄             People believed the earth .....
     The wounded woman                was         being helped         In Passive, the structure will be as follows :
     + by + Ob. (Sub. of Active)                                       Sub. (Ob. of Active) + was/were + V3               + to
          ̄               ̄                                                 ̄                                ̄           ̄         ̄
          by        some people.                                       The earth                        was       believed to
265. (4) Structure of Simple Future Tense, Active Voice                + be +
     is as follows :                                                       ̄
     Sub.         +    will/shall + V1          +      Ob.                 be ......
        ̄                   ̄             ̄                ̄               When the V. in the Active is not an action, we use
    The servant             will    execute       all orders...        with, to, in, at, etc. and not by in Passive.
     In Passive Voice, the structure will be as follows :              Here, believed (V.) is not an action; it’s a state and
                                                                       people (Sub.) is vague (general), so, it is not men-
     Sub. (Ob. of Active) + will/shall + be + V3
                                                                       tioned in Passive.
                  ̄                    ̄              ̄      ̄
                                                                       Look at the sentences :
             All orders                  will     be executed
                                                                       I know her. (Active)
     + by        + Ob.
                                                                       She is known to me. (Passive)
          ̄            ̄
                                                                       [The V. - know is not an action; it’s a state]
          by       the servant.
                                                                  269. (1) Structure of Simple Past Tense, Active Voice is
266. (4) Structure of Simple Past Tense, Passive Voice is              as follows :
     as follows :
                                                                       Sub.       + did + not + V1         + Ob.
     Sub. + was/were + V3 + to .....                                      ̄            ̄           ̄    ̄          ̄
        ̄            ̄              ̄       ̄      ̄                         The boy did            not break the glass.
         I           was      obliged to go                            In Passive Voice, the structure will be as follows :
     In Active Voice, the structure will be as follows :               Sub. (Ob. of Active) + was/were + not +
     Sub. (Ob. of Passive) + V-2 + Ob. (Sub. of Active)                   ̄                                ̄         ̄
                 ̄                   ̄      ̄                             The glass                       was       not
     Circumstances               obliged me                            V3          + by + Ob. (Sub. of Active)
      (Not a person)                                                     ̄             ̄              ̄
     to ......                                                         broken        by           the boy.
       ̄  ̄                                                         270. (3) Structure of Simple Present Tense, Active Voice
     to go.                                                            is as follows :
     When the Sub. in the Active is not a person, we use               Sub. + V1          + Ob.
     with, to, in, at, etc. and not by in Passive                         ̄        ̄               ̄
     Here, circumstances (Sub.) is not a person.                        They fund             school for girls.
     Look at the sentences :                                           In Passive, the structure will be as follows :
     Smoke filled the room. (Active)                                   Sub. (Ob. of Active) + is/am/are + V3
     The room was filled with smoke. (Passive)                                     ̄                      ̄            ̄
     Smoke (Sub.) is not a person.                                        School for girls             is        funded
267. (2) Structure of Simple Past Tense, Active Voice is               + by + Ob. (Sub. of Active)
     as follows :                                                          ̄               ̄
     Sub. + V2              +      Ob.                                    by               them.
        ̄            ̄                ̄                              271. (2) Structure of Past Continuous Tense, Active Voice
       They established this club .....                                is as follows :
     In Passive Voice, the structure will be as follows :              Sub.           + was/were + V-ing           +     Ob.
     Sub. (Ob. of Active) + was/were + V3                                 ̄                   ̄                ̄             ̄
                 ̄                     ̄              ̄                   The lady of          was        furnishing the mansion.
            This club                    was established ....          the house
                                                              SEE–336