TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES (ACTIVE/PASSIVE)
      The members         should       adhere to all the decisions.  38. (2) The end of this exercise is being reached by us.
                ̄              ̄             ̄                      ̄         (Passive)
           Subject        Modal Verb (Phrasal)             Object         The sentence is in Present Continuous Tense. (Ac-
      ® Active                                                            tive)
      When a Modal is used in Active, the Passive form will          39. (3) You are expected to complete this work before sun-
      be as follows :                                                     set. (Passive)
      Modal + be + Past Participle of the Main Verb                       The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)
      All the decisions should be adhered to                         40. (1) Much damage was done by the storm. (Passive)
      by the numbers.                                                     The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)
        ̄          ̄            ̄         ̄          ̄                    41. (1) The bell has been rung by the boy. (Passive)
    Subject                Modal     be Verb (Phrasal)                    The sentence is in Present Perfect Tense. (Active)
      Object ®            Passive                                   The boy has rung the bell.
 33. (4) He was accused of various offences by his subor-               ̄             ̄            ̄
      dinates. (Passive)
                                                                    Subject       Verb        Object ® Active
      The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)
                                                                    The bell has been rung by the boy.
 34. (3) Have all the necessary arrangements been made
                                                                        ̄               ̄              ̄
      by someone ? (Passive)
                                                                    Subject          Verb        Object ® Passive
      The sentence is in Present Perfect Tense. (Active)
                                                                     42. (1) He likes to be called sir by people. (Passive)
 35. (1) The outcome of these experiments will be known
                                                                          The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active).
      after six months. (Passive)
                                                                          It also has Double Objects (he, sir)
      The sentence is in Simple Future Tense. (Active)
                                                                          He likes        People        to call him       sir.
      We        will know      the outcome of these experi-               (means people call him sir)
      ments ......                                                           ̄              ̄                  ̄       ̄
        ̄              ̄                                ̄                    Object          Subject Infinitive + Verb       Object ®
      Subject      Verb                          Object                   Active
      ®            Active                                                 He              likes       to be called sir   by people.
      The outcome of these experiments will be known
      (by us) ...                                                            ̄                ̄                        ̄           ̄
                      ̄                              ̄                    Subject Infinitive + be + Verb            Object   Object
          ̄        Subject                       Verb                                                                ®      Passive
      Object         ®                         Passive                    Passive of Infinitives is done by retaining to followed
 36. (1) Don’t speak unless you are spoken to. (Passive).                 by be and the Past Participle form of the Verb.
      The sentence is in Simple Present Tense (Active). It           43. (1) The money was added up and found to be correct.
      is also a Complex Sentence with Double Objects                      (Passive)
      (someone, you).
                                                                          The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active).
      The Passive Voice of Verbs with two objects is formed
                                                                          It is also a Complex Sentence.
      by changing either of the two Objects into the Sub-
      ject (You), and retaining the other as the Object (some-       44. (4) Someone has cut the telegraph wires. (Active)
      one)                                                                The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Passive)
Don’t speak       until someone speaks to               you.         45. (3) Will the truth be told to us by her ? (Passive)
                     ̄          ̄            ̄                ̄               The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)
        ̄                                                             46. (3) He was asked a question by Mr. Sen. (Passive)
       Verb Connector Object Verb (Phrasal) Object
                                                                          The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)
      (Active)
                                                                     47. (1) English is spoken all over the world. (Passive)
Don’t speak      unless     you are spoken to ( by some-
      one)                                                                The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)
        ̄             ̄          ̄            ̄                ̄          48. (3) The boys who had not done their homework were
       Verb Connector Object Verb (Phrasal) Object                        punished by the teacher. (Passive)
 37. (3) Were you frightened by the noise ? (Passive)                     The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)
      The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)                      It is also a Complex Sentence.
      An Interrogative Sentence beginning with Auxiliary             49. (2) He has been granted a scholarship by the Princi-
      Verb-Did will be converted to a Passive one by first                pal. (Passive)
      changing it into Assertive, then Passive and finally                The sentence is in Present Perfect Tense. (Active)
      an Interrrogative one.                                          The Principal       has granted     him a scholarship.
      Sentence ® Did the noise frighten you ? (Active)
      Step 1 (Assertive) The noise frightened you.                       Subject               Verb    Object     Object    Active
      Step 2 (Passive) You were frightened by the noise.             He      has been granted       a scholarship    by  the Principal
      Step 3 (Interrogative) Were you frightened by the
      noise ?                                                       Subject        Verb                 Object             Object
                                                               SEE–326