TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES (ACTIVE/PASSIVE)
     The doer of the action of a Passive Verb (i.e. Object)  19. (2) Sums are being done by me. (Passive)
     may sometimes be preceded by some Preposition                The sentence is in Present Continuous Tense. (Active)
     other than by.
                                                              I      am doing sums.
     e.g. with, at, to, etc.
                                                               ̄            ̄            ̄
     l He is known to me.
                                                            Subject Verb            Object ® Active
     l I was surprised at his result.
                                                            Sums are being done by me
     l You will be pleased with this news.
                                                                 ̄             ̄             ̄
 11. (1) The smugglers did not realise that someone was
     recording their Conversation. (Active)                 Subject       Verb          Object® Active
     The sentence is in Past Continuous Tense. (Passive)     20. (1) I was kept awake by the noise of the traffic.
     The smugglers did not realise that their conversation        (Passive)
     was being recorded                                           The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)
                                                ̄             21. (2) It is known to us all that there is only one God.
       ̄                                                           (Passive)
     Verb                                   Subject               The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)
     (by someone)                                                 It is also a Complex Sentence.
           ̄                                                  22. (2) He was elected Mayor by the people. (Passive)
      Object             ® Passive                                The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)
     The smugglers did not realise that someone              23. (2) Let me not be laughed at, (Passive)
                                              ̄                    The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)
                                           Subject                In Active Voice, if the sentence expresses command
     was recording their conversation.                            or order or request (Imperative mood), then, in Pas-
            ̄                   ̄                                   sive Voice the word let is placed at the beginning of
             Verb          Object   ® Active                      the sentence.
 12. (2) The staff members were kept waiting by the               e.g. Do it. (Active). Let it be done. (Passive)
     principal. (Passive)                                    24. (2) He was seen leaving the house by me. (Passive)
     The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active).              The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)
 13. (2) By whom were you taught grammar ? (Passive)         25. (4) The bull was pulled violently. (Passive)
     The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)               The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)
     who in Active form becomes by whom in the Passive.      26. (1) I cannot wear this shirt any longer. (Active)
 14. (3) He was given a reward by the king. (Passive)             The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Passive)
     The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)              This shirt cannot be worn            by me any longer.
 15. (2) We are taught grammar by him. (Passive)                       ̄             ̄       ̄      ̄         ̄
     The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)            Subject       Modal b e VerbObject ® Passive
 16. (3) Is what I mean understood by you ? (Passive)                 I        cannot     wear this shirt any longer.
     The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active).                ̄            ̄          ̄          ̄
     It is an Interrogative Sentence.                             Subject       Modal      Verb      Object ® Active
     When an Interrogative Sentence begins with the Aux-     27. (1) Grass is not eaten by a lion, however hungry he
     iliary verb-Do it should be changed into first Asser-        may be. (Passive)
     tive, then Passive and then an Interrogative one.            The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)
     Sentence ® Do you understand what I mean ?              28. (2) He was seen picking up a gun by someone. (Pas-
Step 1 (Assertive) You understand what I mean ?                   sive)
                                                                  The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)
Step 2 (Passive)     What I mean is understood by you?
                                                             29. (3) Circumstances obliged him to resign. (Active)
Step 3 (Interrrogative) Is what I mean understood by you?
                                                                  The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Passive)
 17. (3) Who is looked for by him ? (Passive)
                                                             30. (4) Why was my proposal not agreed to by you ? (Pas-
     The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)
                                                                  sive)
 18. (4) You are said to have done that. (Passive)
                                                                  The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)
     The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active).
                                                             31. (2) It is time for tea to be taken. (Passive)
     It is also a Complex sentence.
                                                                  The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)
     In changing the Voice of Complex Sentences the
                                                                  Passive of Infinitives is done by retaining to followed
     Voice of both the Principal and Subordinate clauses
                                                                  by be and the Past Participle of the Verb.
     should be changed.
                                                                  eg. It is time to tell him the truth. (Active)
They say       that       you did that.
                                                                  It is time for the truth to be told to him. (Passive)
    ̄              ̄               ̄
                                                                  The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)
Subordinate Connector Principal Clause
                                                             32. (3) All the decisions should be adhered to by the mem-
               Clause
                                                                  bers. (Passive)
                                                       SEE–325