TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES (ACTIVE/PASSIVE)
  1. (4) The garbage was first sun-dried for one to three days to bring down the moisture level (Passive)
     The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)
      They first sun-dried the garbage ....                   The garbage was first sun-dried by them ..
          ̄              ̄              ̄                          ̄                            ̄              ̄
     Subject          Verb         Object ® Active           Subject                      Verb        Object ® Passive
     The Object of the Active Sentence becomes the Subject of the Passive. The Passive Sentence is formed with the
     Verb be (is, was, has been, etc.) + a Past Participle. The personal thing that does the action (the agent) is
     mentioned after the word by.
  2. (2) Women like to be flattered by men. (Passive)
     The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)
                          Women like men to flatter them. (means Men flatter women)
                          object        Subject Infinitive + Verb          Active
                          Women like to be flattered                     by men
                          Subject        Infinitive + be + Verb           Object         Passive
     Passive of Infinitives is done by retaining to followed by be and the Past Participle form of the Verb.
  3. (1) What must be done, must be done properly. (Passive)
     The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active). It is also a complex sentence.
                          What     one    must      do,    one      must      do     properly.
                                Subject Modal Verb Subject Modal Verb                       Active
                          What     must    be     done ,    must     be      done . properly.
                                Modal      be     Verb    Modal      be     Verb            Passive
     When a Modal is used in Active, the Passive form will be as follows :
     Modal + be + Past Participle of the Verb.
     In changing the voice of Complex Sentences, the voice of both the Principal Clause (one must do properly) and
     Sub–ordinate Clause (what one must do) should be changed.
  4. (4) Let the poll results be looked at-is hope inspired        9. (2) He has been granted a scholarship by the Princi-
     by them ? (Passive)                                              pal. (Passive)
     The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)                The sentence is in Present Perfect Tense. (Active)
  5. (3) You are supposed to make the tea at eleven o"             The Principal    has granted    him a scholarship.
     clock. (Passive)
     be supposed to is used when something should hap-                Subject            Verb    Object     Object     Active
     pen because it is the rule or because it has been
     planned.                                                    He     has been granted      a scholarship    by   the Principal
  6. (1) His teacher congratulated him on his brilliant suc-    Subject       Verb               Object               Object
     cess in the recent examination. (Active)
     The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Passive)                  The Passive Voice of Verbs with two objects (him, a
                                                                      scholarship) is formed by changing either of the two
  He      was congratulated by his teacher...                         Objects into the Subject and retaining the other as
                                                                      the Object. him is the Factitive Object in Active
Subject          Verb                  Object         Active          which is changed to He in Passive.
                                                                  10. (2) Men, women and children throng the shops be-
  His teacher      congratulated him...                               fore festivals making various purchases. (Active)
                                                                      The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Passive)
     Subject         Verb          Object         Passive             Before festivals the shops are thronged with men,
  7. (1) English is spoken all over the world. (Passive)              women and children ...
     The sentence is in Simple Present Tense. (Active)                                        ̄            ̄                     ̄
  8. (1) By whom were you given permission to enter ?                                     Subject       Verb               Ob-
     (Passive)                                                        ject ® Active
     The sentence is in Simple Past Tense. (Active)                   Men, women and children throng the shops ...
     who in Active form becomes by whom in the Pas-                               ̄                       ̄          ̄
     sive.                                                                    Subject                    Verb    Object
                                                         SEE–324