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PYQ 1200 Q/A Part - 1
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Kerala PSC English Grammar Book Study Materials 1 Page 82
Book's First PageAN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR & LANGUAGE INFINITIVE 5. If but is used as a Preposition and is preceded by the Infinitive can take two forms in Active Voice : Verb “to do”, then but is followed by a Bare Infinitive. For example, He did nothing but wander. ̄ ̄ BUT V1 Infinitive can be used as — (i) Subject SPLIT INFINITVE For example, An adverb or adverbial phrase placed between to and To swim is a good exercise. V1 is called Split Infinitive which should be avoided. ̄ Incorrect- SUB. Sam agreed to thoroughly go into the matter. ̄ (ii) Object ̄ ̄ For example, TO ADV. V1 No one likes to die. Correct- Sam agreed to go thoroughly into the matter. ̄ ̄ ̄ TO V1 OBJ. This shows that if there is a TO- Infinitive in a sentence (iii) Complement to the Verb. we cann’t use to and V1 apart, they should be used to- For example, gether. He is to go. PARTICIPLE ̄ COMP. The word that partcipates in the function of a Verb as well as in that of an Adjective in a sentence, is called a There are two types of Infinitive - To - Infinitives and Participle Bare Infinitives (Infinitive without to). There are some spe- cific cases where To-Infinitives are used. Similarly, Bare (i) It is a large building. Infinitives are also used under Certain Conditions. In Com- ̄ mon Errors/Phrase Replacement, questions are asked on NOUN the uses of To-Infinitives and Bare Infinitives. Now, we shall (ii) Building a house I lived in it discuss this. ̄ 1. Bare Infinitive is used with let, bid, watch, behold, PARTICIPLE see, feel, make, etc. Broadly speaking there are two types of Participles : For example, Present Participles and Past Participles. Correct- Let him sit there. 1. Present Participle- A participle which is formed by ̄ adding-ing to the Verb and which states an action as going V1 on or incomplete is called a Present Participle. Incorrect- Let him to sit there For example, ̄ (i) Who set the ball rolling? TO + V1 ̄ 2. After Modal Auxiliaries (can could, may, might, shall, PAR (Pre.) should, will, would, must, dare not, need not) we use Bare (ii) The enemy caught is napping. Infinitive. ̄ For example, PAR (Pre.) I shall go to the station. The Present (or Active) Participle ending in - ing is used ̄ ̄ in forming Continuous Tense. SHALL V1 For example, But with dare, need, ought etc. we use To-Infinitive. (i) I am going. For example, (ii) She was going. (i) I dare to go there 2. Past Participle- A participle which is formed by add- (ii) You ought to go there ing -ed, -t, -n, -en or -ne and which denotes a completed 3. Bare Infinitive is also used after had better, had rather, action, is called a Past Participle. and as soon ..... as ...., had sooner etc. For example, For example, (i) He is a retired man. He had better go now. (ii) A burnt child dreads the fire. ̄ (iii) He is a known man. V1 (iv) It was a rotten fish. 4. Bare Infinitive is used after conjunction, than. (v) I dislike half -done work. For example, In these sentences, participles are formed by adding - He had better read than write. d, - ed, -t, -n, -en or -ne to the Verb and they state an ̄ ̄ action as completed. They are called Past Participles. The Past (Passive) Participle is used with an Auxiliary Verb to THAN V1 form a Perfect tense, active or passive (active, with tense of SEE–89