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Kerala PSC English Grammar Book Study Materials 1 Page 72
Book's First PageAN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR & LANGUAGE Compound : Jones is a rich man but he is not honest. Simple : The news is too good to be true. Complex : Jones is not honest although he is a rich man. Complex : The news is so good that it cannot be true. Compound : Search his pockets and you will find the watch. Simple : It is never too late to mend. Complex : If you search his pockets, you will find the Complex : It is so late that it cannot be mended. watch. Simple : He is too late to hear the first speech. Compound : Do as I tell you, or you will regret it. Complex : He is so late that he can not hear the first Complex : Unless you do as I tell you you will regret it. speech. Compound : The lion was wounded but not killed. Simple : The boy is too old for a whipping. Complex : The lion was not killed although he was Complex : The boy is so old that he cannot whip. wounded. (b) Sentences expressing a Condition. Compelx into Double or Multiple (Compound) Double : Work hard and you will succeed. Complex : If you speak, you shall die. Complex : If you work hard, you will succeed. Compound : Speak and you will die. Complex : Should you work hard, you will succeed. Complex : If you do not speak, you shall die. Compound : Unless you work hard you will not succeed. Compound : Speak or die. Simple : It is never too late to mend. Complex : He failed although he did his best. Complex : It is never so late for anything that it cannot Compound : He did his best, still he failed. be mended. Complex : I have lost the pen which my father gave me. (c) Sentences expressing Concession or Contrast. Compound : My father gave me a pen and I have lost it. He is honest though poor. Complex : I am certain you have made a mistake. Poor as he is, he is honest. Compound : You have made a mistake, and of this I am Although he is poor, he is honest. certain. In spite of his poverty, he is honest. Complex : I am glad that he has recovered from illness. For all his poverty, he is honest. Compound : He has recovered from illness, and I am glad Admitting that he is poor, he is honest. of it. He is poor; all the same he is honest. Complex : We can prove that the earth is round. (d) Interchange of Degrees of Comparison. Compound : The earth is round, and we can prove it. Positive : This book is not as good as that. Complex : I have found the book that I had lost. Comparative : That book is better than this. Compound : I had lost a book, but I have found it. Positive : Birds do not fly as fast as the aeroplane. Complex : As soon as he got the telegram, he left in a Comparative : The aeroplane flies faster than birds. taxi. Positive : I am as strong as he. Compound : He got the telegram, and immediately he left Comparative : He is not stronger than I. in a taxi. Positive : This razor is not as sharp as that one. Complex : He worked hard so that he might win the Comparative : The razor is sharper than this one. prize. Positive : Few historians write as interestingly as Compound : He aimed at winning the prize and worked Joshi. hard. Comparative : Joshi writes more interestingly than most Other ways of Transformation of Sentences historians. (a) Sentences with the Adverb too can be transformed as Comparative : Ram is better than any other boy in the follows : class. Simple : He speaks too fast to be understood. Positive : No other boy in the class is as good as Complex : He speaks so fast that he cannot be under- Ram. stood. Positive : No other metal is as useful as iron. Simple : This tree is too high for me to climb. Comparative : Iron is more useful than any other metal. Complex : This tree is so high that I cannot climb it. Superlative : Iron is the most useful of all metals. Simple : He was too small to reach up to the branches Comparative : Shakespeare is greater than any other of the tree. English poet. Complex : He was so small that he could not reach up Superlative : Shakespeare is the greatest of the En- to the branches of the tree. glish poets. Simple : She is too clever not to see through your Comparative : This newspaper has a bigger circulation tricks. than any other morning paper. Complex : She is so clever that she will be through your Superlative : This newspaper has the biggest circula- tricks. tion among morning papers. Simple : These mangoes are too cheap to be good. Superlative : This building is the tallest in the city. Complex : These mangoes are so cheap that they can- Comparative : No other building in the city is taller than not be good. this. SEE–79