AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR & LANGUAGE
Simple : His failure is almost certain. Simple : The duration of my stay is doubtful.
Complex : That he will fail is almost certain. Complex : Except that he hurt his hand, he was lucky
Simple : They would no doubt, send out all the sol- Simple : Except for the hurt to his hand, he was lucky.
diers in search of the party. ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Complex : There is no doubt that they would send out Complex : I have no advice that I can offer you.
all the soldiers in search of the party. Simple : I have no advice to offer you.
Simple : Only first class men need apply. Complex : The place where Buddha was cremated has
Complex : Only those who are first class men need ap- recently been discovered.
ply. Simple : The place of Buddha’s cremation has recently
Simple : The news is too good to be true. been discovered.
Complex : The news is so good that it cannot be true. Complex : The son who was his chief pride in his old
Simple : Our teacher is a man of spotless character. age is dead.
Complex : Our teacher is a man who bears a spotless Simple : His son, the pride of his old age, is dead
character. Complex : The exact time when this occurred has not
Simple : Truly speaking, he rever came here been ascertained
Complex : The truth is that he never came here Simple : The exact time of the occurence has not been
Simple : A man’s modesty is in inverse proportion to ascertained.
his ignorance. Complex : Youth is the time when the seeds of charac-
Complex : The more ignorant a man is, the less modest ter are sown.
he is Simple : Youth is the time for the formation of charac-
Complex into Simple ter.
Complex : A child who has lost its parents is to be pit- ADVERB CLAUSE
ied. Complex : The Rajah was annoyed that he had not car-
Simple : An ophan is to be pitied. ried out his orders.
Complex : If you fail, you must make another attempt. Simple : The Rajah was annoyed at his not having car-
Simple : Failing this attempt, you must make another. ried out his orders
Complex : The report that the king was dead is false. Complex : Everything comes if a man will ony work and
wait.
Simple : The report of the king’s death is false
Simple : Everything comes to a diligent and patient
Complex : Wherever you go, I shall follow you.
man.
Simple : I shall follow you everywhere.
Complex : I am pushing my businesss wherever I can
Complex : A boy who neglects his studies, cannot
find an opening.
progress.
Simple : I am pushing my business in every possible
Simple : A boy neglecting his studies cannot progress.
direction.
Complex : Where there is a will. there is a way.
Complex : He will not pay unless he is compelled.
Simple : A will has a way.
Simple : He will pay only under compulsion.
Complex : Father desired that I should go.
Complex : You have succeeded better than you hoped.
Simple : Father desired me to go.
Simple : You have succeeded beyond your hopes.
Complex : That he should resign was beyond doubt.
Complex : When the cat is away the mice will play.
Simple : His resignation was beyond doubt
Simple : In the absence of the cat the mice will play.
NOUN CLAUSE
Complex : He does not always speak as he thinks.
Complex : He said that he was innocent.
Simple : He does not always speak his thoughts.
Simple : He declared his innocence.
Double and Multiple (Compound) into Complex
Complex : That you are drunk aggravates your offence.
Compound : Listen and I will tell you all.
Simple : Your drunkenness aggravates your offence.
Complex : If you listen, I will tell you all.
Complex : Tell me where you live.
Compound : She must weep or she will die.
Simple : Tell me your address.
Complex : Unless she weeps, she will die.
Complex : It is pity that we should have to undergo this
Compound : He was very tired and therefore he fell asleep.
disgrace.
Complex : He fell asleep because he was very tired.
Simple : Our having to undergo this disgrace is a pity.
Compound : Beware of pick-pockets and there will be no
Complex : It is proclaimed that all men found with arms
trouble.
will be shot.
Complex : If you are beware of pick-pockets, there will
Simple : According to the proclamation all men found
be no trouble.
with arms will be shot.
Compound : Leave this room or I will compel you to do so.
Complex : He remarked how imprudent the boy was
Complex : Unless you leave this room. I will compel you
Simple : He remarked on the boys imprudence
to do so.
Complex : How long I shall stay is doubtful
SEE–78