AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR & LANGUAGE
     What did she give?                                             Active: Do / Does + Subject + Verb1 + Object?
     We get the answer as –                                         Passive: Am/Is/Are + Subject1 + Verb3 + by + Agent?
     A book                                                         Example:
     Hence, the answer ‘A book’ is the Direct Object.               Active: Does he          need some curry?
     Again, if we ask question like –                                           ̄       ̄       ̄               ̄
     To whom did she give the book?                                          Does Subject Verb1 Object
     We get the answer – Me                                         Passive: Is some curry needed by him?
     Here, ‘Me’ is the Indirect Object.                                        ̄       ̄            ̄        ̄       ̄
     (c) There are a few Verbs which act as Mono and Di-
                                                                              Is    Subject1 Verb3        by Agent
Transitive.
                                                                    (b) To change questions from Active to Passive begin-
     Examples:
                                                               ning with Did.
      She          told a         fable.
                                                                    Active: Did + Subject + Verb1 + Object?
                     ̄               ̄                                Passive: Was / Were + Subject1 + Verb3 + by + Agent?
            Mono-Transitive       Object                            Example:
      She told     me a          fable.                             Active: Did        he      entertain you?
                     ̄               ̄                                           ̄        ̄            ̄          ̄
            Indirect Object Direct Object                                    Did Subject1        Verb1     Object
     (d) A few Verbs like – tell, give, appoint, make, prom-        Passive: Were      you entertained by him?
ise, elect, make, fetch, offer, present, lend, get, pay, sell,
                                                                                ̄        ̄           ̄          ̄      ̄
bring, take, teach, promise, etc. can act both in the form of
Mono and Di-Transitive.                                                      Were Subject1       Verb3      by Agent
     Now, look at the sentence which has two Objects                (c) To change questions from Active to Passive begin-
and is Passive. You can do so –                                ning with Have / Has.
     (i) By converting Indirect Object into Subject.                Active: Have / Has / Had + Subject + Verb3 + Ob-
                                                               ject?
     Example:
                                                                    Passive: Have /Has / Had + Subject1 + been + Verb3
     Active: He lent me some money.
                                                               + by + Agent?
     Passive: I was lent some money by him.
                                                                    Example:
     (ii) By converting Direct Object into Subject.
                                                                    Active: Has Anuradha sang            a song?
     Example:
     Active: He lent me some money.
                                                                              ̄          ̄          ̄           ̄
     Passive: Some money was lent (to) by him.                               Has     Subject Verb1 Object
     Remember that, in order to convert a sentence into             Passive: Has a song been written by Anuradha?
Passive having two Objects, generally the Indirect Object                       ̄       ̄         ̄       ̄        ̄      ̄
is changed into Subject, which is thought of as the best                      Has Subject1 been Verb3 by Agent
option. But, it is wrong to take for guaranteed that it is          (d) To change questions from Active to Passive begin-
incorrect to change Direct Object into Subject. Again, in      ning with Modal Auxiliary Verbs.
such cases, the order of selecting the Subject in Passive           Active: Modal + Subject + Verb1 + Object?
depends on whom we are giving importance to.                        Passive: Modal + Subject1 + be + Verb3 + by + Agent
       PASSIVE OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES                           Example:
     1. The questions are of two kinds – One that gives             Active: Can     you    control this situation?
‘Yes’ answer and the other ‘No’.                                              ̄        ̄         ̄              ̄
     The question that begins with a helping Verb like –                  Modal Subject Verb1              Object
does, do, did, has, have, is, are, am, can, could, may,             Passive: Can this situation be controlled by you?
might, etc. and the answer of which is generally either Yes                    ̄            ̄         ̄       ̄         ̄  ̄
or No.
                                                                             Modal     Subject1 be       Verb3     by him
     Example:
                                                                    (e) Passive of Wh-Questions
     Question:      Are you ready?
                                                                    Here, by making the Passive of questions which an-
     Answer:        Yes, I am     Or,    No, I am not
                                                               swer in Yes / No and before which, Interrogative words
     2. Questions with ‘Wh’ beginning with any of the In-      are added and made into Wh-Questions.
terrogative words like – why, who, what, how, when,
                                                                    Example:
where, etc. The answer to these question cannot be given
                                                                    Active: Have you broken the glass?
in either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’, rather they can be answered by us-
ing a complete sentence.                                            Passive: Has the glass been broken by you?
     Example:                                                       Now, let us add Interrogative words before these Yes/
                                                               No questions.
     Question: Where do you live?
                                                                    Active: Why have you broken the glass?
     Answer: I live in East of Kailash.
                                                                    Passive: Why       has the glass been broken by you?
     Look at the rules for Passive of Yes / No questions
     (a) To change questions from Active to Passive begin-                      ̄                      ̄
ning with Do / Does.                                                  Interrogative word       Yes / No question
                                                          SEE–66