AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR & LANGUAGE
     Likewise,                                                       t Note that, can, could, may, might, shall, should,
     Active: The builder had built a mall.                    will, would, must, ought to, used to, need not, dare not,
     Passive: A mall had been built by the builder.           etc. are Modal Auxiliary Verbs.
     Note that, no Passive formation is allowed in Past Per-         Passive of Verbs with two Objects
fect Continuous Tense.                                               There are a few Verbs which can take two Objects.
     (g) Future Indefinite                                           Example:
     The construction of Active Voice here is –                      (i) She gave me some sweets.
     Subject + shall / will + Verb11 + Object                        (ii) You appointed him manager.
     The construction of Passive Voice here is –                     (iii) We elected him Chairman.
     Subject1 + shall / will + be + Verb3 + (by + agent)             (iv) They gave her offer letter.
     Example:                                                        In these sentences above, you will find there are two
     Active: She     will complete it.                        Objects.
                                                                     They are:
                ̄        ̄         ̄         ̄
                                                                     In sentence (i), ‘me’ and ‘some sweets’ are two Ob-
           Subject   will     Verb1 Object                    jects.
     Passive: It       will   be completed       by   her.           In sentence (ii), ‘him’ and ‘manager’ are two Objects.
                ̄         ̄      ̄         ̄         ̄       ̄             In sentence (iii), ‘him’ and ‘chairman’ are two Objects.
           Subject1 will be           Verb3      by Agent            In sentence (iv), ‘her’ and ‘offer letter’ are two Ob-
     Likewise,                                                jects.
     Active: The minister will address the gathering.                On careful observation of these sentences, you will
     Passive: The gathering will be addressed by the min-     note that in sentence (i), ‘me’ is the Indirect Object, while
ister.                                                        ‘some sweets’ is the Direct Object. Similarly, in sentences
     Note that, no Passive formation is allowed in Future     (ii), (iii) and (iv), ‘him’, ‘him’ and ‘her’ are Indirect Objects,
Imperfect Tense.                                              while ‘manager’, ‘chairman’ and ‘offer letter’ are Direct Ob-
     (h) Future Perfect                                       jects, respectively.
                                                                     Remember a few important facts.
     The construction of Active Voice here is –
                                                                     (a) Verbs which take only one Object are called Mono-
     Subject + shall / will + have + Verb3 + Object
                                                              Transitive Verbs.
     The construction of Passive Voice here is –
                                                                     Examples:
     Subject1 + will / shall + have + been + Verb3 + (by
                                                                     They             refused           you.
+ agent)
     Example:                                                                              ̄               ̄
     Active: She           will       have bought a laptop.                   Mono-transitive Verb Object
                                                                     Kavita         likes               you.
               ̄             ̄            ̄        ̄          ̄
                                                                                       ̄                  ̄
          Subject shall / will + have + Verb3 Object
                                                                           Mono-transitive Verb          Object
     Passive: A laptop will have been bought by her.
                                                                     (b) Verbs that take two Objects are called Di-Transi-
                   ̄            ̄              ̄      ̄     ̄      tive Verbs.
               Subject1 will have been Verb3 by Agent                Examples:
     Likewise,                                                       He      gifted                me             a bracelet.
     Active: Jack will have completed the project in time.
                                                                                ̄                    ̄                   ̄
     Passive: The project will have been completed by Jack
                                                                     Di-Transitive Verb Indirect Object           Direct Object
in time.
                                                                     The manager          offered                  me
       ACTIVE   AND  PASSIVE      OF  MODAL VERBS                                             ̄                       ̄
     The constructions in Active and Passive are as fol-                             Di-Transitive Verb         Indirect Object
lows.                                                                an opportunity.
     Active: Subject + modal + Verb1 + Object                                ̄
     Passive: Subject1 + modal + be + Verb3 + (by + agent)           Direct Object
     Example:                                                        Remember that, when a Verb is used in the form of
     Active: You       can       sing     this song.          Di-Transitive, it takes two Objects as you could see in the
               ̄          ̄         ̄          ̄                  examples above. In these Objects, the one which refers to
                                                              ‘thing’ or which gives the answer when a question is asked
          Subject     modal      Verb1     Object)
                                                              using ‘what’ is the Direct Object, while the other Object
     Passive: This song can be sung by                you.
                                                              which refers to ‘person’ or which gives the answer when a
                    ̄         ̄     ̄        ̄       ̄       ̄      question is asked using ‘to whom’ is called the Indirect
                 Subject1 can     be   Verb3    by   Agent    Object.
     Likewise,                                                       Example:
     Active: You must finish it.                                     She gave me a book.
     Passive: It must be finished by you.                            Here, if we ask question as –
                                                           SEE–65