AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR & LANGUAGE
The woolen coat has The river was in a Is there is any news of hijackers?
shrunk. shrunken state. You are quite wrong in this matter.
We have sunk a tube-well. The ship foundered on I am rather busy.
a sunken rock. She sings pretty well.
The snow has melted. Streams of molten lava came His answer is partly right.
out.
(6) ADVERB OF AFFIRMATION AND NEGATION
Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation includes surely,
ADVERB certainly, not etc.
For example,
An Adverb is a word which modifies the meaning of a Surely you have committed a mistake.
Verb, an Adjective or another Adverb. He will certainly come here.
For example, I do not know him.
Sunita runs slowly. (7) ADVERB OF REASON
̄ Adverb of Reason includes therefore, hence etc.
Verb For example,
Shela is very beautiful. The boy therefore went to his home.
̄ ̄ Therefore the answer is 2000.
Adverb Adjective (8) RELATIVE ADVERB
Sita reads quite clearly. Relative Adverbs includes when, how, where and
̄ ̄ why etc.
Adverb Adverb For example,
When did he arrive?
KINDS OF ADVERB That was the time when I was at home.
(9) INTERROGATIVE ADVERB
Adverbs may be divided into the following classes :
The Adverbs when, how and where are used in asking
(1) ADVERB OF TIME
questions and are therefore called Interrogative Adverbs.
Adverbs of Time includes today, yesterday, late, ago,
For example,
now, then, soon, before, daily, already, formerly, lately, never,
When did you go to bed yesterday?
since etc.
How did you come inside the gate?
For example,
Where did you get the money?
He will write a letter today.
(10) EXCLAMATORY ADVERB
I went there yesterday.
The adverbs why and how are used in exclamations
I have not seen him since 1988.
and so, are called Exclamatory Adverbs.
(2) ADVERB OF FREQUENCY For example,
Adverbs of Frequency includes again, never, ever, often, How wonderful the scenary is!
seldom, once, twice, frequently, always etc. Why, where is the miller?
For example, In a nutshell,
The postman called again. Adverbs of Time is one which show when.
I have never seen the Taj. Adverbs of Frequency is one which show how
He often makes mistake. often.
(3) ADVERB OF PLACE Adverbs of Place is one which show where.
Adverb of Place includes here, there, everywhere, in, Adverbs of Manner is one which show how or in
out, up, backward, away, within etc. what manner.
For example, Adverbs of Degree or Quantity show how much or in
Come here Go there. what degree or to what extent.
The pet dog followed his master everywhere. Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation affirms and ne-
The doctor is out. gates the expression.
Adverbs of Reason show us the cause or affect.
(4) ADVERB OF MANNER
Relative Adverbs show the point of time, place and
Adverb of Manner includes clearly, slowly, soundly,
manner.
bravely, thus, so, well, hard, agreeably etc.
Interrogative Adverbs are used in asking questions
For example, which also point out time, place and manner in their an-
Seema writes clearly. swers.
Slowly the old man was laid down. Exclamatory Adverbs are used to express exclama-
The man slept soundly. tions.
(5) ADVERB OF DEGREE OR QUANTITY FORMATION OF ADVERBS
Adverbs of Degree or Quantity includes any, quite, rather, Adverbs are formed in various ways by adding our chang-
pretty, partly, too, enough, altogether, no better, so, fully, ing the adjectives by the use of suffix or prefix.
almost, very etc. 1. Adverbs of Manner are formed from Adjectives
For example, by adding - ly.
SEE–42