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Kerala PSC English Grammar Book Study Materials 1 Page 31
Book's First PageAN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR & LANGUAGE Note : The Past Participle usually ends in -ed,-d,-t, -en, -n etc. GERUND The participles are used as simple qualifying adjec- A Gerund is that form of the Verb which ends in -ing tives in front of a Noun and are thus called Participial and has the force of a Noun and a Verb. Adjectives. For example, For example, Hunting deer is a favourite sport in India. A rolling stong gathers no moss. I like writing poetry. He played a losing game. In these sentences, the Gerund, like a Noun, is the subject of a Verb, but like a Verb, it also takes an object, A burnt child dreads the fire. thus, showing it has also the force of a Verb. He wears a worried look. Again, Education is the most pressing need of our country. He is fond of collecting stamps. In this sentence, the A lying witness ought to be punished. Gerund like a Noun as governed by a Preposition, but like Thus, we recall that : a Verb, it also takes an object. (1) A Participle is a Verbal Adjective. Both the Gerund and the infinitive have the force of a Noun and a Verb and also their usages are same. Thus, in (2) A Participle may govern a Noun or Pronoun, like a many sentences, either of them may be used without any Verb. special difference in meaning. (3) A Participle may be modified by an Adverb, like a For example, Verb. To see is to beleive. (4) A Participle may qualify a Noun or Pronoun, like Seeing is believing. an Adjective. To give is better than to receive. (5) A participle may be compared, like an Adjective. Giving is better than receiving. Uses of Gerund Forms Of Different Participles In Active and Passive The Gerund has the force of a Noun and a Verb. It is Forms thus a Verbal-Noun and may be used as : Active Passive (1) Subject of a Verb Present : caring Present : being cared For example, Perfect : having cared Perfect : having been cared Seeing in believing Past : cared Hunting deer is a favourite sport in India. (2) Object of a Transitive Verb Uses of Participles For example, (1) The Continuous Tenses (Active Voice) are formed Stop talking. from the Present Participle with tenses of the Verb Children love making noise. be. I like writing poetry. For example, (3) Object of a Preposition. I am caring. For example, I was caring. I am tired of waiting. He is fond of fishing. I shall be caring He was punished for telling a lie. (2) The Perfect Tenses (Active Voice) are formed from (4) Complement of a Verb. the Past Participle with tenses of the Verb have. For example, For example, Writing is learning. I have cared. I had cared. What I most dislike is smoking. I shall have cared. (5) Absolutely. For example, (3) The Passive Voice is formed from the Past Participle Playing cards being his aversion, we did not with tenses of the Verb be. play bridge. For example, Moreover, the Persent Participle has the force of an I am cared. I was cared. Adjective and a Verb. It is called a Verbal Adjective. I shall be cared. For example, (4) Participles that qualify Nouns or Pronouns may be Walking along the road, he noticed a big elephant. used also as attributivel y, predicatively and Seeing, he believed. Strong And Weak Verbs absolutely with a Noun or Pronoun going before. Verbs are divided into two kinds : For example, 1. Weak Verbs 2. Strong Verbs A rollong stone gather no moss. Let us take a few verbs and see their past tense and A lost opportunity never returns. past participle. The man seems worried. (Modifying the subject). For example, He kept me waiting. (Modifiying the object). Verbs Present Tense Past Tense Past Participle The sea being smooth, we went for sail. play play played played Jack having arrived, we were freed from anxiety. like like liked liked learn learn learnt learnt SEE–38