AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR & LANGUAGE
       Here, that points out which girl is meant.                     (i) Some is used in affirmative sentence while any is
             He gave me ten oranges.                                       used in negative sentence.
                             ̄                                                  For example,
                       Adjective                                               He has not some problems.                   —wrong
       Here, ten shows how many oranges he gave me.                            He has not any problems.                    —correct
                    KINDS OF ADJECTIVES                                        She has any money with her.                 —wrong
                                                                               She has some money with her.                —correct
       Adjectives are of the following kinds:
                                                                     (ii) Many is used before countable noun while much is
             (1) Adjective of quality
                                                                           used before uncountable noun.
             (2) Adjective of quantity
                                                                               For example,
             (3) Adjective of number.
                                                                               The accident caused many damages.           —wrong
             (4) Demonstrative Adjective
                                                                               The accident caused much damages.           —correct
             (5) Distributive Adjective                                        She met much people there.                  —wrong
             (6) Emphasizing Adjective                                         She met many people there.                  —correct
             (7) Interrogative Adjective                            (iii) Many a much should not be used objectively. Use a
             (8) Possessive Adjective                                      large number of, a large amount of, a great deal of,
             (9) Proper Adjective                                          plenty of etc. instead of much or many.
             (10) Relative Adjective                                           For example,
             (11) Exclamatory Adjective                                        She asked me many questions.                —wrong
                                                                               She asked me a large number of questions.
(1) ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY
                                                                                                                           —correct
       These Adjectives show the kind or quality of a per-
                                                                               Mohan drank much water                      —wrong
son or a thing.
                                                                               Mohan drank plenty of water                 —correct
       For example,
                                                                    (iv) Few and little cannot be used for the sense of a few
                  The Ganges is a holy river.
                                                                           and a little.
                  Calcutta is a large city.
                                                                               For example,
                  He is an honest man.                                         Few persons were there to help me           —wrong
    (i) In using Adjectives of Quality, we first use ordinal                   A few persons were there to help me         —correct
        then cardinal.
                                                                               After a long journey she got little tired —wrong
       For example,                                                            After a long journey she got a little tired —correct
             She has read the three first Chapters.—wrong
                                                                         Note : The meaning of few and little is nothing. Al-
             She has read the first three Chapters.—correct       ways, use hardly / any in such cases.
             I have read the four last stanzas.       —wrong               For example,
             I have read the last four stanzas.     —correct.              Bill has hardly any money to give me.
   (ii) One or two Adjectives can be used before or after                  He has hardly any books to give me.
        Nouns.
                                                                     (v) A few or a little cannot be used at the place of the
                  A black and white film                                   few and the little.
                        ̄           ̄       ̄                                 For example,
                      Adj        Adj Noun                                      I gave him books a few I had                —wrong
                  A film black and white                                       I gave him books the few I had              —correct
                        ̄      ̄          ̄                                       She gave me money a little she had          —wrong
                     Noun Adj          Adj                                     She gave me money the little she had —correct
                  But,
  (iii) The following Adjectives are used only predicatively.     (3) ADJECTIVE OF NUMBER
        sleep, awake, afraid, ashamed, alike, alone etc.                 Adjectives of number (or Numeral Adjectives) are those
        For example,                                              that show how many are meant or in what order :
             Ram is an alone boy.                     —wrong             For example,
             Ram is alone.                           —correct            five, fifth, one, first, all, few, many, some etc.
             Ravi is an ashamed boy.                  —wrong             There are two kinds of Adjectives of number those
             Ravi is ashamed.                        —correct     which show exactly how many persons or things there
                                                                  are, or in what order in a series any of them stands, are
(2) ADJECTIVE OF QUANTITY                                         called Definite Numerals : four, fourth, nine, ninth etc.
       Adjectives of quantity show how much of a thing is                (i) Those Adjectives of Number which do not show what
meant.                                                            the exact number is, are called Indefinite Numerals: all,
       For example,                                               few, many more, sever all, some etc.
       All, any, enough, half, little, much, no, whole, some etc.        For example,
             For example,                                                      All men must die.
             He drank much milk.                                               Few cats like cold water.
             I want some paper.                                                Many boys were present.
             I drank a little milk.                                            Some rose are white.
                                                              SEE–29