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Kerala PSC English Grammar Book Study Materials 1 Page 12
Book's First PageAN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR & LANGUAGE Rule 3 : If there are double vowels to the end of a NUMBER noun, put only —s to the end of that noun for plural. Singular Plural Singular Plural There are two kinds of Number : Radio Radios Ratio Ratios (a) Singular, (b) Plural Studio Studios Portfolio Portfolios A noun that denotes one person or thing is said to be in the Singular Number. Cuckoo Cuckoos Bamboo Bamboos For example, Rule 4 : If –y is the last letter of a noun and that –y is Boy, girl, man, bird, tree, book, pen, baby, sweater preceded by a consonant, then change –y into –ies for the etc. plural forms. A noun that denotes more than one person or thing is Singular Plural Singular Plural said to be in the Plural Number. Spy Spies Baby Babies For example, History Histories Lady Ladies Boys, girls, men, birds, trees, books, pens, babies, Fly Flies Sky Skies sweaters etc. Story Stories City Cities How Plural is formed Army Armies Pony Ponies Generally, the Plurals of nouns are formed by adding ‘s ‘to the singular form. Rule 5 : If there are double vowels to the end of a For example, noun, put only —s to the end of that noun for plural. Boy—boys Girl—girls Singular Plural Singular Plural Bird—birds Cow—cows Lay Lays Bay Bays Ship—ships Desk—desks Ray Rays Prey Preys Pencil—pencils Book—books Key Keys Storey Storeys Cassette—cassettes Film—films Tray Trays Day Days But, there are some rules of changing singular nouns Clay Clays Play Plays into plural ones. Rule 5 : If —f or —fe are the last letters of a noun, Rule 1 : If —s, —ss, —sh, —ch, —x and —z are the last then change —f or —fe into —ves. letters of noun, put —es to the end to make them plural. Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Knife Knives Life Lives Class Classes Mass Masses Wife Wives Thief Thieves Kiss Kisses Toss Tosses Miss Misses Bus Buses Leaf Leaves Loaf Loaves Brush Brushes Dish Dishes Calf Calves Handkerchief Handkerchieves Bush Bushes Watch Watches Wolf Wolves Shelf Shelves Bench Benches Match Matches Self Selves Branch Branches Tax Taxes Yet, there are some exceptions to this rule, such as : Box Boxes Topaz Topazes Singular Plural Singular Plural But, in case of Stomach (Pronounced as Stomak), Mon- Proof Proofs Roof Roofs arch (Pronounced as Monark) only —s is needed at their Chief Chiefs Reef Reefs end to make them plural. Gulf Gulfs Belief Beliefs Stomach Stomachs Monarch Monarchs Grief Griefs Brief Briefs Rule 2 : If there is —O in the end of a noun, put —es Serf Serfs Dwarf Dwarfs to the end for plural. Hoof Hoofs Strife Strifes Singular Plural Singular Plural Rule 6 : It is found that a few nouns form their plural Hero Heroes Zero Zeroes by changing the inside vowel of the singular form. Volcano Volcanoes Mango Mangoes Singular Plural Singular Plural Mosquito Mosquitoes Echo Echoes Man Men Woman Women Potato Potatoes Buffalo Buffaloes Tooth Teeth Goose Geese Negro Negroes Cargo Cargoes Mouse Mice Louse Lice Bingo Bingoes Foot Feet There are some exceptions where only —s is needed Rule 7 : There are a few nouns that form their plural for a plural one in —o ending nouns. by adding —en to the singular. Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Photo Photos Piano Pianos Ox Oxen Child Children Dynamo Dynamos Canto Cantos Rule 8 : There are some nouns which have their sin- Quarto Quartos Momento Momentos gular and plural forms alike. Solo Solos Stereo Stereos SEE–19